前言

一些老的、Mini 的 ARM 開發(fā)板上沒有預(yù)留網(wǎng)口，這樣在調(diào)試升級內(nèi)核或應(yīng)用程序時很不方便。縱使有串口下載工具，但其速度也是慢地捉急。這種情況下，使用其它接口來擴(kuò)展出一個網(wǎng)口無疑是一個比較好的方法。
ENC28J60 就是一個使用 SPI 接口來擴(kuò)展網(wǎng)口的模塊，今天我們就來演示下在樹莓派上如何使用 ENC28J60。

環(huán)境

硬件：樹莓派3b+、ENC28J60
軟件：buildroot、kernel-5.10.92

摸索

驅(qū)動

既然想要使用 ENC28J60，那么肯定得有一份它的驅(qū)動程序。
作為一款廣泛使用的模塊，內(nèi)核理應(yīng)有它的驅(qū)動程序，搜一下

果然，內(nèi)核有它的驅(qū)動程序，且其已經(jīng)被編譯成了內(nèi)核模塊：

liyongjun@Box:~/project/board/buildroot$ find RPi3/build/linux-custom/drivers/ -name "enc28j60.ko"
RPi3/build/linux-custom/drivers/net/ethernet/microchip/enc28j60.ko

硬件

有了驅(qū)動，接下來就要看硬件如何連接了。
知道是連 SPI 接口，但是 SPI 接口有 SPI0、SPI1、SPI2 等，要連哪個呢？另外還有 CS、INT 引腳要連接樹莓派的哪個引腳？
那就去看設(shè)備樹。

驅(qū)動的匹配屬性為 “microchip,enc28j60”，那就在設(shè)備樹中搜下該參數(shù)

搜到了兩個設(shè)備樹文件，（Device Tree Overlays 相關(guān)知識請自行搜索，或查看這篇文章）
arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/enc28j60-overlay.dts
arch/arm/boot/dts/overlays/enc28j60-spi2-overlay.dts
說明 enc28j60 可以接在不同的 SPI 接口上工作，這里我們研究 enc28j60-overlay.dts，即 SPI0。

target = <&spi0>;：指定"插件"設(shè)備樹的父節(jié)點(diǎn)是 spi0
所以，查看 SPI0 的引腳分配


9、10、11 分別是 MISO、MOSI、SCK
8、7 是 CS 引腳，為什么配置兩個引腳作為 CS 引腳這里表示不理解，本實(shí)驗(yàn)中選取 8 引腳作為 CS 引腳。
而 INT 引腳是在 enc28j60-overlay.dts 中配置的，使用 25 引腳，所以最終的硬件連接為

RPi3b+            ENC28J60   
----------------------------
+3V3              VCC         
GPIO10/MOSI       SI        
GPIO9/MISO        SO       
GPIO11/SCLK       SCK     
GND               GND      GPIO25            INT       
GPIO8/CE0#        CS 

實(shí)物連接

配置

樹莓派硬件比較特殊，開啟 SPI 需要修改板子中的配置文件，如下

# mount /dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot
# cat /boot/config.txt 
# Please note that this is only a sample, we recommend you to change it to fit
# your needs.
# You should override this file using BR2_PACKAGE_RPI_FIRMWARE_CONFIG_FILE.
# See http://buildroot.org/manual.html#rootfs-custom
# and http://elinux.org/RPiconfig for a description of config.txt syntaxstart_file=start.elf
fixup_file=fixup.datkernel=zImage# To use an external initramfs file
#initramfs rootfs.cpio.gz# Disable overscan assuming the display supports displaying the full resolution
# If the text shown on the screen disappears off the edge, comment this out
disable_overscan=1# How much memory in MB to assign to the GPU on Pi models having
# 256, 512 or 1024 MB total memory
gpu_mem_256=100
gpu_mem_512=100
gpu_mem_1024=100# fixes rpi (3B, 3B+, 3A+, 4B and Zero W) ttyAMA0 serial console
dtoverlay=miniuart-bt# enable autoprobing of Bluetooth driver without need of hciattach/btattach
dtoverlay=krnbt=ondtparam=spi=on
dtoverlay=enc28j60

需要手動在 config.txt 文件末尾處添加

dtparam=spi=on
dtoverlay=enc28j60

這兩個參數(shù)猜測是給 start.elf 使用的，因?yàn)樵谄湮募兴殉隽讼鄳?yīng)的字符串

liyongjun@Box:~/project/board/buildroot$ strings RPi3/images/rpi-firmware/start.elf | grep "dtparam"
dtparam: %s=%s
Unknown dtparam '%s' - ignored
dtparam
dtparams
liyongjun@Box:~/project/board/buildroot$ strings RPi3/images/rpi-firmware/start.elf | grep "dtoverlay"
dtoverlay

安裝驅(qū)動

# insmod /lib/modules/5.10.92-v7/kernel/drivers/spi/spi-bcm2835.ko
# insmod /lib/modules/5.10.92-v7/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/microchip/enc28j60.ko
[ 6214.374882] enc28j60 spi0.0: Ethernet driver 1.02 loaded

查看網(wǎng)口

# ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr B8:27:EB:8A:BC:F4  UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 76:30:92:53:5E:E4  BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)Interrupt:200 lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

多出了一個 eth1，說明 ENC28J60 已經(jīng)被成功驅(qū)動起來了

使能網(wǎng)卡

# ifconfig eth1 up
[ 6239.461085] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: link down
[ 6239.469427] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: normal mode
[ 6239.477886] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: multicast mode
# [ 6240.462780] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: link up - Half duplex# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr B8:27:EB:8A:BC:F4  UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 76:30:92:53:5E:E4  UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:769 (769.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)Interrupt:200 lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

使能網(wǎng)卡后，并且插上網(wǎng)線，看到 eth1 已經(jīng)處于 RUNNING 狀態(tài)，但是還沒有 IP，那就手動觸發(fā)下 dhcpc

# udhcpc -i eth1
udhcpc: started, v1.36.0
[ 6256.013810] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: multicast mode
[ 6256.027504] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: multicast mode
udhcpc: broadcasting discover
udhcpc: broadcasting select for 192.168.31.239, server 192.168.31.1
udhcpc: lease of 192.168.31.239 obtained from 192.168.31.1, lease time 43200
[ 6256.824266] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: multicast mode
[ 6256.832197] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: multicast mode
deleting routers
adding dns 192.168.31.1# ifconfig 
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr B8:27:EB:8A:BC:F4  UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 76:30:92:53:5E:E4  inet addr:192.168.31.239  Bcast:192.168.31.255  Mask:255.255.255.0UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1RX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:2 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4775 (4.6 KiB)  TX bytes:684 (684.0 B)Interrupt:200 lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

這樣，eth1 獲得了 IP 地址 192.168.31.239
ping 下外網(wǎng)試試

# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (180.101.50.242): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 180.101.50.242: seq=0 ttl=53 time=9.520 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.50.242: seq=1 ttl=53 time=10.309 ms
64 bytes from 180.101.50.242: seq=2 ttl=53 time=9.635 ms

可以 ping 通，同時，插拔網(wǎng)線也有相應(yīng)的 up/down 事件。

# [  106.197318] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: link up - Half duplex
# 
# [  113.533593] enc28j60 spi0.0 eth1: link down

附錄

# ethtool eth1
Settings for eth1:Supported ports: [ TP ]Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: NoSupports auto-negotiation: NoSupported FEC modes: Not reportedAdvertised link modes:  Not reportedAdvertised pause frame use: NoAdvertised auto-negotiation: NoAdvertised FEC modes: Not reportedSpeed: 10Mb/sDuplex: HalfPort: Twisted PairPHYAD: 0Transceiver: internalAuto-negotiation: offMDI-X: UnknownCurrent message level: 0x00000036 (54)probe link ifdown ifup

ENC28J60 是一款 10Mbps 速率的以太網(wǎng) MAC+PHY 芯片，和單片機(jī)的通信接口為 SPI，SPI 最高時鐘頻率為 20MHz。
ENC28J60 支持半雙工和全雙工模式，但是不支持自動協(xié)商。在支持自動協(xié)商的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，ENC28J60 默認(rèn)的工作模式是半雙工模式。
黃色燈表示 Activity，即閃爍一次，代表有數(shù)據(jù)傳輸一次；綠色燈表示 Link up，即綠色燈常亮，代表網(wǎng)口正常工作。

性能測試（phy rate：10Mbps 半雙工）

TCP

PS D:\Tools\iperf-3.0.11-win64> .\iperf3.exe -c 192.168.31.239
Connecting to host 192.168.31.239, port 5201
[  4] local 192.168.31.211 port 1648 connected to 192.168.31.239 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bandwidth
[  4]   0.00-1.00   sec   896 KBytes  7.34 Mbits/sec
[  4]   1.00-2.00   sec   640 KBytes  5.24 Mbits/sec
[  4]   2.00-3.00   sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec
[  4]   3.00-4.00   sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec
[  4]   4.00-5.00   sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec
[  4]   5.00-6.00   sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec
[  4]   6.00-7.00   sec   640 KBytes  5.24 Mbits/sec
[  4]   7.00-8.00   sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec
[  4]   8.00-9.00   sec   768 KBytes  6.30 Mbits/sec
[  4]   9.00-10.00  sec   768 KBytes  6.29 Mbits/sec
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bandwidth
[  4]   0.00-10.00  sec  7.38 MBytes  6.19 Mbits/sec                  sender
[  4]   0.00-10.00  sec  7.19 MBytes  6.03 Mbits/sec                  receiveriperf Done.

UDP

PS D:\Tools\iperf-3.0.11-win64> .\iperf3.exe -c 192.168.31.239 -b10M -u
Connecting to host 192.168.31.239, port 5201
[  4] local 192.168.31.211 port 63892 connected to 192.168.31.239 port 5201
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bandwidth       Total Datagrams
[  4]   0.00-1.00   sec  1.08 MBytes  9.03 Mbits/sec  138
[  4]   1.00-2.00   sec  1.20 MBytes  10.0 Mbits/sec  153
[  4]   2.00-3.00   sec  1.19 MBytes  9.95 Mbits/sec  152
[  4]   3.00-4.00   sec  1.20 MBytes  10.0 Mbits/sec  153
[  4]   4.00-5.00   sec  1.24 MBytes  10.4 Mbits/sec  159
[  4]   5.00-6.01   sec  1.15 MBytes  9.62 Mbits/sec  147
[  4]   6.01-7.01   sec  1.14 MBytes  9.57 Mbits/sec  146
[  4]   7.01-8.01   sec  1.15 MBytes  9.62 Mbits/sec  147
[  4]   8.01-9.00   sec  1.13 MBytes  9.57 Mbits/sec  145
[  4]   9.00-10.00  sec  1.14 MBytes  9.56 Mbits/sec  146
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ ID] Interval           Transfer     Bandwidth       Jitter    Lost/Total Datagrams
[  4]   0.00-10.00  sec  11.6 MBytes  9.74 Mbits/sec  0.548 ms  0/3 (0%)
[  4] Sent 3 datagramsiperf Done.

驅(qū)動信息

# ethtool -i eth1
driver: enc28j60
version: 1.02
firmware-version: 
expansion-rom-version: 
bus-info: spi0.0
supports-statistics: no
supports-test: no
supports-eeprom-access: no
supports-register-dump: no
supports-priv-flags: no