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題目
1、AS1存在兩個(gè)環(huán)回,一個(gè)地址為192.168.1.0/24該地址不能在任何協(xié)議中宣告;
2、AS3中存在兩個(gè)環(huán)回,一個(gè)地址為192.168.2.0/24該地址不能在任何協(xié)議中宣告,最終要求這兩個(gè)環(huán)回可以互相通訊;
3、AS間的骨干鏈路IP地址隨意指定;
4、使用BGP協(xié)議讓整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)所有設(shè)備的環(huán)回可以互相訪問(wèn);
5、減少路由條目數(shù)量,避免環(huán)路出現(xiàn)。
實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟
第一步、IP地址規(guī)劃
網(wǎng)段劃分如下
AS2在172.16.0.0/16網(wǎng)段劃分
建鄰居環(huán)回:
R2:172.16.0.2/32
R3:172.16.0.3/32
R4:172.16.0.4/32
R5:172.16.0.5/32
R6:172.16.0.6/32
R7:172.16.0.7/32
邏輯環(huán)回
R2:172.16.2.0/24
R3:172.16.3.0/24
R4:172.16.4.0/24
R5:172.16.5.0/24
R6:172.16.6.0/24
R7:172.16.7.0/24
骨干鏈路:
R2-R3:172.16.1.0/30
R3-R4:172.16.1.4/30
R2-R5:172.16.1.8/30
R4:R7:172.16.1.12/30
R5-R6:172.16.1.16/30
R6-R7:172.16.1.20/30
R1
題目要求環(huán)回:192.168.1.0/24
環(huán)回:1.1.1.0/24
R8
題目要求環(huán)回:192.168.2.0/24
環(huán)回:8.8.8.0/24
AS之間的骨干鏈路
R1-R2:12.1.1.0/30
R7-R8:78.1.1.0/30
設(shè)備接口IP地址如
設(shè)備 | 接口 | IP地址 |
R1 | G0/0/0 | 12.1.1.1/30 |
Lo0 | 1.1.1.1/24 | |
Lo1 | 192.168.1.1/24 | |
R2 | G0/0/0 | 12.1.1.2/30 |
G0/0/1 | 172.16.1.1/30 | |
G0/0/2 | 172.16.1.9/30 | |
Lo0 | 172.16.0.2/32 | |
Lo1 | 172.16.2.1/24 | |
R3 | G0/0/0 | 172.16.1.2/30 |
G0/0/1 | 172.16.1.5/30 | |
Lo0 | 172.16.0.3/32 | |
Lo1 | 172.16.3.1/24 | |
R4 | G0/0/0 | 172.16.1.6/30 |
G0/0/1 | 172.16.1.13/30 | |
Lo0 | 172.16.0.4/32 | |
Lo1 | 172.16.4.1/32 | |
R5 | G0/0/0 | 172.16.1.10/30 |
G0/0/1 | 172.16.1.17/30 | |
Lo0 | 172.16.0.5/32 | |
Lo1 | 172.16.5.1/24 | |
R6 | G0/0/0 | 172.16.1.18/30 |
G0/0/1 | 172.16.1.21/30 | |
Lo0 | 172.16.0.6/32 | |
Lo1 | 172.16.6.1/24 | |
R7 | G0/0/0 | 172.16.1.22/30 |
G0/0/1 | 172.16.1.14/30 | |
G0/0/2 | 78.1.1.7/30 | |
Lo0 | 172.16.0.7/32 | |
Lo1 | 172.16.7.1/30 | |
R8 | G0/0/0 | 78.1.1.1.8/30 |
Lo0 | 8.8.8.8/24 | |
Lo1 | 192.168.2.1/24 |
第二步、接口IP地址配置
R1
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
R2
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.1 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 172.16.1.9 30
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int lo0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.2 32
[R2-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
R3
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.2 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.5 30
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]in lo1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
R4
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.6 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.13 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.4.1 24
R5
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.10 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.17 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.5 32
[R5-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R5-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.5.1 24
R6
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R6
[R6]int g0/0/0
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.18 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.21 30
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/1
[R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int lo0
[R6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.6 32
[R6-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R6-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.6.1 24
R7
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R7
[R7]int g0/0/0
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.1.22 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]in g0/0/1
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.1.14 30
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 78.1.1.7 24
[R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int lo0
[R7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.0.7 32
[R7-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R7-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.7.1 24
R8
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R8
[R8]int g0/0/0
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 78.1.1.8 24
[R8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int lo0
[R8-LoopBack0]ip address 8.8.8.8 24
[R8-LoopBack0]int lo1
[R8-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.2.1 24
第三步、寫(xiě)靜態(tài)路由
R1-R2
[R1]ip route-static 172.16.0.2 32 12.1.1.2
[R2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 12.1.1.1
R7-R8?
[R7]ip route-static 8.8.8.8 32 78.1.1.8
[R8]ip route-static 172.16.0.7 32 78.1.1.7
第四步、AS 200啟用IBGP
IBGP使用的是OSPF
R2
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.0 0.0.255.255
R3
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.3.0 0.0.255.255
R4
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.4.0 0.0.255.255
R5
[R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.5.0 0.0.255.255
R6
[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-ospf-1]area 0
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.6.0 0.0.255.255
R7
[R7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-ospf-1]area 0
[R7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.7.0 0.0.255.255
第五步、修改環(huán)回接口OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)型?
因?yàn)榄h(huán)回接口在OSPF宣告默認(rèn)類(lèi)型為p2mp,其他路由器學(xué)習(xí)到網(wǎng)段就為32位掩碼,所以這里需要修改環(huán)回接口OSPF網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)型為broadcast。
先查看其他路由器通過(guò)OSPF學(xué)到其他網(wǎng)段的環(huán)回網(wǎng)段位32位
#R2
[R2]int lo1
[R2-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast
#R3
[R3]int lo1
[R3-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast
#R4
[R4]int lo1
[R4-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast
#R5
[R5]int lo1
[R5-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast
#R6
[R6]int lo1
[R6-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast
#R7
[R7]int lo1
[R7-LoopBack1]ospf network-type broadcast
修改后再進(jìn)行查看,學(xué)習(xí)到的就是那個(gè)網(wǎng)段了
第六步、啟動(dòng)BGP建鄰
在建鄰居的時(shí)候同時(shí)修改本地路由器傳遞,便于后期路由傳遞變優(yōu)。
R1
[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 200
R2
R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]confederation id 200
[R2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 100
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface lo0
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
[R2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface lo0
[R2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 ebgp-max-hop 2
R3
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]confederation id 200
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface lo0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 next-hop-local
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface lo0
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 next-hop-local
R4
[R4]bgp 64512
[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-bgp]confederation id 200
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface lo0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
[R4-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface lo0
[R4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 ebgp-max-hop 2
R5
[R5]bgp 64513
[R5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[R5-bgp]confederation id 200
[R5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as-number 64512
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface lo0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 ebgp-max-hop 2
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface lo0
[R5-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
R6
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]router-id 6.6.6.6
[R6-bgp]confederation id 200
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface lo0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 next-hop-local
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as-number 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface lo0
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 next-hop-local
R7
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]router-id 7.7.7.7
[R7-bgp]confederation id 200
[R7-bgp]peer 78.1.1.8 as-number 300
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as-number 64513
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface lo0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
[R7-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as-number 64512
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface lo0
[R7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 ebgp-max-hop 2
R8
[R8]bgp 300
[R8-bgp]router-id 8.8.8.8
[R8-bgp]peer 78.1.1.7 as-number 200
第七步、BGP宣告
R1上進(jìn)行宣告1.1.1.0/24
[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]network 1.1.1.0 24
然后進(jìn)行查看在R3上面進(jìn)行查看,發(fā)現(xiàn)R3是學(xué)到這條路由了。
?再去R4上面查看,發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有學(xué)習(xí)到這條路由。
?那么我們就需要使用反射器來(lái)滿足要求,為反射器指定一個(gè)客戶端,因?yàn)閮蓚€(gè)非客戶端是不會(huì)進(jìn)行傳遞路由,只有非->客、客->客;還有就是在ebgp和ibgp之間會(huì)進(jìn)行傳遞。
選用一個(gè)路由器作為反射器,我這里是指定的R3為反射器,R1為客戶端。
[R3]bgp 64512
[R3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 reflect-client
再去R4上面查看,以及收到這條路由。
?在去R8上面看也可以看見(jiàn)這條路由,因?yàn)榈絉4會(huì)用過(guò)EBGP傳遞給R7,R7在由EBGP關(guān)系傳給R8。
?R8上進(jìn)行宣告8.8.8.0/24網(wǎng)段
也是同樣的需要用到一個(gè)反射器指定R7為客戶端,不然R5也會(huì)沒(méi)有8.8.8.0/24這個(gè)網(wǎng)段
[R6]bgp 64513
[R6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 reflect-client
在R5上面進(jìn)行查看
?在R1上面進(jìn)行查看
在AS200 進(jìn)行宣告
AS200匯總指向空接口,?然后再對(duì)網(wǎng)段進(jìn)行BGP宣告。這樣便于其他路由器也只會(huì)有一條路由。
R2
[R2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[R2]bgp 64512
[R2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
去R1和R8上面查看,只學(xué)到一條路由,這樣也減少了路由條目
為了不在R2上面找到空接口才把黑洞路由丟掉,我們?cè)赗7上面也進(jìn)行一個(gè)同樣的操作,這樣也可以避免造成AS內(nèi)部的資源消耗。
R7
[R7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 21 NULL 0
[R7]bgp 64513
[R7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 21
第八步、建立隧道
讓192.168.1.0?和 192.168.2.0這兩個(gè)網(wǎng)段不能宣告,但是又能互相訪問(wèn),可以采用Tunnel隧道來(lái)解決,因?yàn)槲覀兊奈锢砭€路以實(shí)現(xiàn)全網(wǎng)可達(dá),然后通過(guò)靜態(tài)路由指向?qū)Ψ骄W(wǎng)段,把下一跳扔進(jìn)隧道里面。
R1
[R1]int t0/0/0
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 1.1.1.1
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 8.8.8.8
[R1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0
R8
[R8]int t0/0/0
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 8.8.8.8
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 1.1.1.1
[R8-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[R8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 Tunnel 0/0/0
進(jìn)行一個(gè)測(cè)試:
第九步、測(cè)試
?
測(cè)試是實(shí)現(xiàn)各環(huán)回可以互相訪問(wèn)。?