Spring Cloud Alibaba官方：https://sca.aliyun.com/zh-cn/
Spring Cloud官網(wǎng)：https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud

Spring Cloud與Spring Cloud Alibaba版本對(duì)應(yīng)說(shuō)明：https://sca.aliyun.com/zh-cn/docs/2022.0.0.0/overview/version-explain

1、nacos下載安裝

下載地址:https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases
下載編譯壓縮并解壓：nacos-server-2.2.3.zip。

1.1、啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器

注：Nacos的運(yùn)行需要以至少2C4g60g*3的機(jī)器配置下運(yùn)行。

#啟動(dòng)命令(standalone代表著單機(jī)模式運(yùn)行，非集群模式):#Linux/Unix/Mac
sh startup.sh -m standalone#如果您使用的是ubuntu系統(tǒng)，或者運(yùn)行腳本報(bào)錯(cuò)提示[[符號(hào)找不到，可嘗試如下運(yùn)行：
bash startup.sh -m standalone#Windows
startup.cmd -m standalone

1.2、關(guān)閉服務(wù)器

#Linux/Unix/Mac
sh shutdown.sh#Windows
shutdown.cmd
#或者雙擊shutdown.cmd運(yùn)行文件。

1.3、服務(wù)注冊(cè)&發(fā)現(xiàn)和配置管理接口

#服務(wù)注冊(cè)
curl -X POST 'http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/ns/instance?serviceName=nacos.naming.serviceName&ip=20.18.7.10&port=8080'#服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)
curl -X GET 'http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/ns/instance/list?serviceName=nacos.naming.serviceName'#發(fā)布配置
curl -X POST "http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=nacos.cfg.dataId&group=test&content=HelloWorld"#獲取配置
curl -X GET "http://127.0.0.1:8848/nacos/v1/cs/configs?dataId=nacos.cfg.dataId&group=test"

參考自官方安裝說(shuō)明:https://nacos.io/zh-cn/docs/quick-start.html

2、代碼示例

示例代碼分為3個(gè)工程：app1（服務(wù)1工程）,app2（服務(wù)2工程）,gateway（網(wǎng)關(guān)工程），使用的依賴(lài)包版本：

com.alibaba.cloud：2022.0.0.0
org.springframework.cloud：2022.0.4
org.springframework.boot：3.0.9

app1,app2都提供個(gè)接口：goods(商品信息接口)，user(用戶(hù)信息接口)

goods接口通過(guò)網(wǎng)關(guān)，app1和app2提供負(fù)載模式訪問(wèn)
user接口通過(guò)網(wǎng)關(guān)，代理方式訪問(wèn)

2.1、app1工程代碼

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.penngo.app1</groupId><artifactId>gateway-app1</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>2022.0.0.0</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>2022.0.4</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>3.0.9</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement>
</project>

配置文件：application.yml

spring:application:name: app-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848locator:lower-case-service-id: true
server:port: 9091servlet:encoding:force: truecharset: UTF-8enabled: true

業(yè)務(wù)代碼：AppMain.java

package com.penngo.app1;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class AppMain {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(AppMain.class, args);}@RestControllerpublic class HelloController {@GetMapping("/goods")public Map goods(){Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();data.put("name", "手機(jī)");data.put("service", "app1");return data;}@GetMapping("/user")public Map<String, String> user(){Map<String, String> data = new HashMap<>();data.put("user", "test");data.put("service", "app1");return data;}}
}

2.2、app2工程代碼

pom.xml與app1工程一樣。
配置文件：application.yml，與app2區(qū)分不同的端口

spring:application:name: app-servicecloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848locator:lower-case-service-id: true
server:port: 9091servlet:encoding:force: truecharset: UTF-8enabled: true

2.3、gateway網(wǎng)關(guān)工程代碼

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.penngo.gateway</groupId><artifactId>gateway-nacos</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><properties><maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source><maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding></properties><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId></dependency></dependencies><dependencyManagement><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId><version>2022.0.0.0</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId><version>2022.0.4</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId><version>3.0.9</version><type>pom</type><scope>import</scope></dependency></dependencies></dependencyManagement></project>

配置application.yml

server:port: 9090
spring:application:name: gatewayappcloud:nacos:discovery:server-addr: localhost:8848locator:lower-case-service-id: trueconfig:server-addr: localhost:8848# 加載 dataid 配置文件的后綴，默認(rèn)是 propertiesfile-extension: yml# 配置組，默認(rèn)就是 DEFAULT_GROUPgroup: DEFAULT_GROUP# 配置命名空間，此處寫(xiě)的是 命名空間的id 的值，默認(rèn)是 public 命名空間# namespace:# data-id 的前綴,默認(rèn)就是 spring.application.name 的值prefix: ${spring.application.name}

GatewayMain.java

package com.penngo.gateway;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplication
public class GatewayMain {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(GatewayMain.class, args);}
}

3、動(dòng)態(tài)配置網(wǎng)關(guān)路由

三個(gè)工程啟動(dòng)后，nacos的服務(wù)列表

3.1、配置動(dòng)態(tài)路由

spring:cloud:gateway:routes:- id: app1uri: http://localhost:9091/predicates:- Path=/app1/**filters:- StripPrefix=1- id: app2uri: http://localhost:9092/predicates:- Path=/app2/**filters:- StripPrefix=1

配置后，可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)關(guān)的端口9090和地址訪問(wèn)

http://localhost:9090/app1/user
http://localhost:9090/app2/user

3.2、配置為負(fù)載模式

spring:cloud:gateway:routes:- id: app1uri: http://localhost:9091/predicates:- Path=/app1/**filters:- StripPrefix=1- id: app2uri: http://localhost:9092/predicates:- Path=/app2/**filters:- StripPrefix=1- id: appuri: lb://app-servicepredicates:- Path=/app/**filters:- StripPrefix=1

配置后，可以通過(guò)同一個(gè)地址訪問(wèn)到兩個(gè)服務(wù)返回的數(shù)據(jù)

http://localhost:9090/app/goods

4、gateway配置規(guī)則

參數(shù)說(shuō)明

id: 路由ID
uri: 目標(biāo)地址，可以是服務(wù)，如果服務(wù)Spring推薦用全大寫(xiě)，實(shí)際調(diào)用大小寫(xiě)不敏感，都可以調(diào)通。
predicates: 匹配路徑，以瀏覽器請(qǐng)求的端口號(hào)后面的第一級(jí)路徑為起始。
filters: 過(guò)濾器，包含Spring Gateway 內(nèi)置過(guò)濾器，可以自定義過(guò)濾器。

4.1、請(qǐng)求轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)指定地址

routes:
# 跳轉(zhuǎn)URL
- id: 163_routeuri: http://localhost:9091/predicates:- Path=/app

• 訪問(wèn)地址：http://localhost:9090/app/index
• 真實(shí)地址：http://localhost:9091/app/index

4.2、去掉指定的前綴路徑

- id: app1uri: http://localhost:9091/predicates:- Path=/app1/**filters:- StripPrefix=1

去掉第1層的路徑前綴app1

• 訪問(wèn)地址:http://localhost:9090/app1/user
• 真實(shí)地址:http://localhost:9091/user

4.3、正則匹配重寫(xiě)路徑

- id: testuri: lb://app-servicepredicates:- Path=/test/**filters:- RewritePath=/test/(?<path>.*), /$\{path}

去掉第1層的路徑前綴app1

• 訪問(wèn)地址:http://localhost:9090/app/goods
• 真實(shí)地址:http://localhost:9091/goods 或 http://localhost:9091/goods

源碼下載