繼續(xù)編寫魂斗羅

在上次的博客學(xué)習(xí) Python 之 Pygame 開發(fā)魂斗羅（四）中，我們完成了角色的移動和跳躍還有射擊，由于博主沒有射擊的音效，所以我們下面直接來寫地圖場景的代碼，那我們就開始吧。

下面是圖片的素材

鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1X7tESkes_O6nbPxfpHD6hQ?pwd=hdly
提取碼：hdly

1. 加載地圖

首先設(shè)置一下地圖縮放的尺寸，在Constants.py中加入代碼

# 地圖放縮倍數(shù)
MAP_SCALE = 2.5

其次，在主類中加載地圖圖片，修改__init__()函數(shù)

# 讀取背景圖片
self.background = pygame.image.load('../Image/Map/第一關(guān)BG.png')
self.backRect = self.background.get_rect()
# 放大2.5倍
self.background = pygame.transform.scale(self.background,(int(self.backRect.width * MAP_SCALE),int(self.backRect.height * MAP_SCALE))
)
# 設(shè)置地圖初始位置
self.backRect.x = -1280

對于窗口而言，我們要把地圖加載到 (-1280, 0) 的位置

地圖加載以后，我們要把它顯示出來，修改update()函數(shù)

def update(self, window, player1BulletList):# 加載背景window.blit(self.background, self.backRect)# 更新物體currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)# 顯示物體MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)

現(xiàn)在看看效果，來運行一下

此時可以看到，成功加載了地圖

2. 修改角色尺寸和地面高度

我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，角色有一點大了，調(diào)整小一點，修改Constants.py中的代碼

新增變量

# 玩家放縮倍數(shù)
PLAYER_SCALE = 1.9

修改加載圖片函數(shù)，把其中的2.5改成我們設(shè)置的倍數(shù)

def loadImage(filename, hReverse = False):image = pygame.image.load(filename)if hReverse:image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image,(int(rect.width * PLAYER_SCALE), int(rect.height * PLAYER_SCALE)))image = image.convert_alpha()return image

再運行一下，看看效果

可以看到人物變小了，那么就設(shè)置成功了

然后我們條約一下試試

發(fā)現(xiàn)掉下去了，這是因為在falling()函數(shù)中，設(shè)置了高度

SCREEN_HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT = 600 - 63 = 537
所以高度永遠不會低于537，這次我們修改一下，把高度調(diào)整的高一點，即讓人物站的高一點

修改地面高度為295

GROUND_HEIGHT = 295

修改falling()函數(shù)中的代碼，直接改成GROUND_HEIGHT

我們再看看效果

這次不管怎么跳，也不會下去了

接下來我們設(shè)置一下出場動畫

在玩家類中，修改角色的初始狀態(tài)

改為掉落

接下來把角色的位置修改一下，修改主類創(chuàng)建角色的代碼

這樣就好啦

我們再運行一下，看看效果

可以看到，人物掉下來出場的

完整的主類代碼

import sys
import pygame
from Constants import *
from PlayerOne import PlayerOnedef drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList):for bullet in player1BulletList:if bullet.isDestroy:player1BulletList.remove(bullet)else:bullet.draw(MainGame.window)bullet.move()class MainGame:player1 = NoneallSprites = Nonewindow = None# 子彈player1BulletList = []def __init__(self):# 初始化展示模塊pygame.display.init()SCREEN_SIZE = (SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)# 初始化窗口MainGame.window = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE)# 設(shè)置窗口標題pygame.display.set_caption('魂斗羅角色')# 是否結(jié)束游戲self.isEnd = False# 獲取按鍵self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()# 幀率self.fps = 60self.clock = pygame.time.Clock()# 初始化角色MainGame.player1 = PlayerOne(pygame.time.get_ticks())# 設(shè)置角色的初始位置MainGame.player1.rect.x = 80MainGame.player1.rect.bottom = 0# 把角色放入組中，方便統(tǒng)一管理MainGame.allSprites = pygame.sprite.Group(MainGame.player1)# 讀取背景圖片self.background = pygame.image.load('../Image/Map/第一關(guān)BG.png')self.backRect = self.background.get_rect()self.background = pygame.transform.scale(self.background,(int(self.backRect.width * MAP_SCALE),int(self.backRect.height * MAP_SCALE)))self.backRect.x = -1280def run(self):while not self.isEnd:# 設(shè)置背景顏色pygame.display.get_surface().fill((0, 0, 0))# 游戲場景和景物更新函數(shù)self.update(MainGame.window, MainGame.player1BulletList)# 獲取窗口中的事件self.getPlayingModeEvent()# 更新窗口pygame.display.update()# 設(shè)置幀率self.clock.tick(self.fps)fps = self.clock.get_fps()caption = '魂斗羅 - {:.2f}'.format(fps)pygame.display.set_caption(caption)else:sys.exit()def getPlayingModeEvent(self):# 獲取事件列表for event in pygame.event.get():# 點擊窗口關(guān)閉按鈕if event.type == pygame.QUIT:self.isEnd = True# 鍵盤按鍵按下elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()# 鍵盤按鍵抬起elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:self.keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()def update(self, window, player1BulletList):# 加載背景window.blit(self.background, self.backRect)# 更新物體currentTime = pygame.time.get_ticks()MainGame.allSprites.update(self.keys, currentTime, player1BulletList)drawPlayerOneBullet(player1BulletList)# 顯示物體MainGame.allSprites.draw(window)if __name__ == '__main__':MainGame().run()

完整角色類代碼

import pygame
from Constants import *
from Bullet import Bulletclass PlayerOne(pygame.sprite.Sprite):def __init__(self, currentTime):pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)# 加載角色圖片self.standRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/stand.png')self.standLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/stand.png')self.upRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upRight(small).png')self.upLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/upLeft(small).png')self.downRightImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png')self.downLeftImage = loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Down/down.png', True)self.obliqueUpRightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png'),]self.obliqueUpLeftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Up/rightUp3.png', True),]self.obliqueDownRightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png'),]self.obliqueDownLeftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/ObliqueDown/3.png', True),]# 角色向右的全部圖片self.rightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/run3.png')]# 角色向左的全部圖片self.leftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Left/run3.png')]# 角色跳躍的全部圖片self.upRightImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png'),]self.upLeftImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump3.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Jump/jump4.png', True),]self.rightFireImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png'),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png'),]self.leftFireImages = [loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire1.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire2.png', True),loadImage('../Image/Player/Player1/Right/fire3.png', True),]# 角色左右移動下標self.imageIndex = 0# 角色跳躍下標self.upImageIndex = 0# 角色斜射下標self.obliqueImageIndex = 0# 上一次顯示圖片的時間self.runLastTimer = currentTimeself.fireLastTimer = currentTime# 選擇當前要顯示的圖片self.image = self.standRightImage# 獲取圖片的rectself.rect = self.image.get_rect()# 設(shè)置角色的狀態(tài)self.state = State.FALL# 角色的方向self.direction = Direction.RIGHT# 速度self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEEDself.ySpeed = 0self.jumpSpeed = -11# 人物當前的狀態(tài)標志self.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = Falseself.isJumping = Trueself.isSquating = Falseself.isFiring = False# 重力加速度self.gravity = 0.7self.isUp = Falseself.isDown = Falsedef update(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):# 更新站或者走的狀態(tài)# 根據(jù)狀態(tài)響應(yīng)按鍵if self.state == State.STAND:self.standing(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.WALK:self.walking(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.JUMP:self.jumping(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)elif self.state == State.FALL:self.falling(keys, currentTime, playerBulletList)# 更新位置# 記錄前一次的位置坐標pre = self.rect.xself.rect.x += self.xSpeedself.rect.y += self.ySpeed# 如果x位置小于0了，就不能移動，防止人物跑到屏幕左邊if self.rect.x <= 0:self.rect.x = pre# 更新動畫# 跳躍狀態(tài)if self.isJumping:# 根據(jù)方向if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 方向向右，角色加載向右跳起的圖片self.image = self.upRightImages[self.upImageIndex]else:# 否則，方向向左，角色加載向左跳起的圖片self.image = self.upLeftImages[self.upImageIndex]# 角色蹲下if self.isSquating:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 加載向右蹲下的圖片self.image = self.downRightImageelse:# 加載向左蹲下的圖片self.image = self.downLeftImage# 角色站著if self.isStanding:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if self.isUp:# 加載向右朝上的圖片self.image = self.upRightImageelif self.isDown:# 加載向右蹲下的圖片self.image = self.downRightImageelse:# 加載向右站著的圖片self.image = self.standRightImageelse:# 向左也是同樣的效果if self.isUp:self.image = self.upLeftImageelif self.isDown:self.image = self.downLeftImageelse:self.image = self.standLeftImage# 角色移動if self.isWalking:if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:if self.isUp:# 加載斜右上的圖片self.image = self.obliqueUpRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]elif self.isDown:# 加載斜右下的圖片self.image = self.obliqueDownRightImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]else:# 加載向右移動的圖片，根據(jù)開火狀態(tài)是否加載向右開火移動的圖片if self.isFiring:self.image = self.rightFireImages[self.imageIndex]else:self.image = self.rightImages[self.imageIndex]else:if self.isUp:self.image = self.obliqueUpLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]elif self.isDown:self.image = self.obliqueDownLeftImages[self.obliqueImageIndex]else:if self.isFiring:self.image = self.leftFireImages[self.imageIndex]else:self.image = self.leftImages[self.imageIndex]def standing(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""角色站立"""# 設(shè)置角色狀態(tài)self.isStanding = Trueself.isWalking = Falseself.isJumping = Falseself.isSquating = Falseself.isUp = Falseself.isDown = Falseself.isFiring = False# 設(shè)置速度self.ySpeed = 0self.xSpeed = 0# 按下A鍵if keys[pygame.K_a]:# A按下，角色方向向左self.direction = Direction.LEFT# 改變角色的狀態(tài)，角色進入移動狀態(tài)self.state = State.WALK# 設(shè)置站立狀態(tài)為False，移動狀態(tài)為Trueself.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = True# 向左移動，速度為負數(shù)，這樣玩家的x坐標是減小的self.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下D鍵elif keys[pygame.K_d]:# D按下，角色方向向右self.direction = Direction.RIGHT# 改變角色的狀態(tài)，角色進入移動狀態(tài)self.state = State.WALK# 設(shè)置站立狀態(tài)為False，移動狀態(tài)為Trueself.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = True# 向右移動，速度為正數(shù)self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下k鍵elif keys[pygame.K_k]:# K按下，角色進入跳躍狀態(tài)，但是不會改變方向self.state = State.JUMP# 設(shè)置站立狀態(tài)為False，跳躍狀態(tài)為True# 不改變移動狀態(tài)，因為移動的時候也可以跳躍self.isStanding = Falseself.isJumping = True# 設(shè)置速度，速度為負數(shù)，因為角色跳起后，要下落self.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeed# 沒有按下按鍵else:# 沒有按下按鍵，角色依然是站立狀態(tài)self.state = State.STANDself.isStanding = True# 按下w鍵if keys[pygame.K_w]:# W按下，角色向上，改變方向狀態(tài)self.isUp = Trueself.isStanding = Trueself.isDown = Falseself.isSquating = False# 按下s鍵elif keys[pygame.K_s]:# S按下，角色蹲下，改變方向狀態(tài)，并且蹲下狀態(tài)設(shè)置為Trueself.isUp = Falseself.isStanding = Falseself.isDown = Trueself.isSquating = Trueif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTimedef walking(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""角色行走，每10幀變換一次圖片"""self.isStanding = Falseself.isWalking = Trueself.isJumping = Falseself.isSquating = Falseself.isFiring = Falseself.ySpeed = 0self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 如果當前是站立的圖片if self.isStanding:# 方向向右，方向向上if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT and self.isUp:# 設(shè)置為向右朝上的圖片self.image = self.upRightImage# 方向向右elif self.direction == Direction.RIGHT and not self.isUp:# 設(shè)置為向右站立的圖片self.image = self.standRightImageelif self.direction == Direction.LEFT and self.isUp:self.image = self.upLeftImageelif self.direction == Direction.LEFT and not self.isUp:self.image = self.standLeftImage# 記下當前時間self.runLastTimer = currentTimeelse:# 如果是走動的圖片，先判斷方向if self.direction == Direction.RIGHT:# 設(shè)置速度self.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 根據(jù)上下方向覺得是否角色要加載斜射的圖片if self.isUp or self.isDown:# isUp == True表示向上斜射# isDown == True表示向下斜射# 計算上一次加載圖片到這次的時間，如果大于115，即11.5幀，即上次加載圖片到這次加載圖片之間，已經(jīng)加載了11張圖片if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:# 那么就可以加載斜著奔跑的圖片# 如果角色加載的圖片不是第三張，則加載下一張就行if self.obliqueImageIndex < 2:self.obliqueImageIndex += 1# 否則就加載第一張圖片else:self.obliqueImageIndex = 0# 記錄變換圖片的時間，為下次變換圖片做準備self.runLastTimer = currentTime# 不是斜射else:# 加載正常向右奔跑的圖片if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.imageIndex < 2:self.imageIndex += 1else:self.imageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTimeelse:self.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEEDif self.isUp or self.isDown:if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.obliqueImageIndex < 2:self.obliqueImageIndex += 1else:self.obliqueImageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTimeelse:if currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.imageIndex < 2:self.imageIndex += 1else:self.imageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTime# 按下D鍵if keys[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = Direction.RIGHTself.xSpeed = PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下A鍵elif keys[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = Direction.LEFTself.xSpeed = -PLAYER_X_SPEED# 按下S鍵elif keys[pygame.K_s]:self.isStanding = Falseself.isDown = True# 按下W鍵if keys[pygame.K_w]:self.isUp = Trueself.isDown = False# 沒有按鍵按下else:self.state = State.STAND# 移動時按下K鍵if keys[pygame.K_k]:# 角色狀態(tài)變?yōu)樘Sself.state = State.JUMPself.ySpeed = self.jumpSpeedself.isJumping = Trueself.isStanding = Falseif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTimedef jumping(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):"""跳躍"""# 設(shè)置標志self.isJumping = Trueself.isStanding = Falseself.isDown = Falseself.isSquating = Falseself.isFiring = False# 更新速度self.ySpeed += self.gravityif currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.upImageIndex < 3:self.upImageIndex += 1else:self.upImageIndex = 0# 記錄變換圖片的時間，為下次變換圖片做準備self.runLastTimer = currentTimeif keys[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = Direction.RIGHTelif keys[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = Direction.LEFT# 按下W鍵if keys[pygame.K_w]:self.isUp = Trueself.isDown = Falseelif keys[pygame.K_s]:self.isUp = Falseself.isDown = Trueif self.ySpeed >= 0:self.state = State.FALLif not keys[pygame.K_k]:self.state = State.FALLif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTimedef falling(self, keys, currentTime, playerBulletList):# 下落時速度越來越快，所以速度需要一直增加self.ySpeed += self.gravityif currentTime - self.runLastTimer > 115:if self.upImageIndex < 3:self.upImageIndex += 1else:self.upImageIndex = 0self.runLastTimer = currentTime# 防止落到窗口外面，當落到一定高度時，就不會再掉落了if self.rect.bottom > GROUND_HEIGHT:self.state = State.WALKself.ySpeed = 0self.rect.bottom = GROUND_HEIGHTself.isJumping = Falseif keys[pygame.K_d]:self.direction = Direction.RIGHTself.isWalking = Falseelif keys[pygame.K_a]:self.direction = Direction.LEFTself.isWalking = Falseif keys[pygame.K_j]:self.isFiring = Trueif len(playerBulletList) < PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER:if currentTime - self.fireLastTimer  > 150:playerBulletList.append(Bullet(self))self.fireLastTimer = currentTime

完整的常量代碼

from enum import Enum
import pygameclass State(Enum):STAND = 1WALK = 2JUMP = 3FALL = 4SQUAT = 5class Direction(Enum):RIGHT = 1LEFT = 2# 玩家放縮倍數(shù)
PLAYER_SCALE = 1.9def loadImage(filename, hReverse = False):image = pygame.image.load(filename)if hReverse:image = pygame.transform.flip(image, True, False)rect = image.get_rect()image = pygame.transform.scale(image,(int(rect.width * PLAYER_SCALE), int(rect.height * PLAYER_SCALE)))image = image.convert_alpha()return image# 設(shè)置窗口大小
SCREEN_HEIGHT = 600
SCREEN_WIDTH = 800
GROUND_HEIGHT = 295# 玩家x方向速度
PLAYER_X_SPEED = 3
# 設(shè)置玩家子彈上限
PLAYER_BULLET_NUMBER = 15# 地圖放縮倍數(shù)
MAP_SCALE = 2.5

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