前言

mysqldump是MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中一個非常有用的命令行工具，用于備份和還原數(shù)據(jù)庫。它可以將整個數(shù)據(jù)庫或者特定的表導(dǎo)出為一個SQL文件，以便在需要時進行恢復(fù)或遷移。

使用mysqldump可以執(zhí)行以下操作：

1. 備份數(shù)據(jù)庫：可以使用mysqldump命令將整個數(shù)據(jù)庫備份到一個SQL文件中。這個文件包含了數(shù)據(jù)庫的結(jié)構(gòu)和數(shù)據(jù)，可以用于恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)庫到原始狀態(tài)。
2. 備份特定表：如果只需要備份數(shù)據(jù)庫中的某些表，可以使用mysqldump命令指定要備份的表名。
3. 導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)：除了備份整個數(shù)據(jù)庫，還可以使用mysqldump導(dǎo)出表中的數(shù)據(jù)。這對于將數(shù)據(jù)從一個數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移到另一個數(shù)據(jù)庫非常有用。
4. 還原數(shù)據(jù)庫：使用mysqldump生成的SQL文件可以通過執(zhí)行該文件來還原數(shù)據(jù)庫。這將重新創(chuàng)建表結(jié)構(gòu)并將數(shù)據(jù)插入到相應(yīng)的表中。

mysqldump命令行幫助文檔

C:\Users\m1562>mysqldump --help
mysqldump  Ver 8.0.31 for Win64 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
C:\Windows\my.ini C:\Windows\my.cnf C:\my.ini C:\my.cnf E:\mysql-8.0.31-winx64\my.ini E:\mysql-8.0.31-winx64\my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults           Don't read default options from any option file,except for login file.
--defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
--defaults-group-suffix=#Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)
--login-path=#          Read this path from the login file.-A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databaseswith all databases selected.-Y, --all-tablespacesDump all the tablespaces.-y, --no-tablespacesDo not dump any tablespace information.--add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.--add-drop-table    Add a DROP TABLE before each create.(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)--add-drop-trigger  Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create.--add-locks         Add locks around INSERT statements.(Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)--allow-keywords    Allow creation of column names that are keywords.--apply-replica-statementsAdds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'STARTSLAVE' to bottom of dump.--apply-slave-statementsThis option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use apply-replica-statements instead.--bind-address=name IP address to bind to.--character-sets-dir=nameDirectory for character set files.--column-statistics Add an ANALYZE TABLE statement to regenerate any existingcolumn statistics.(Defaults to on; use --skip-column-statistics to disable.)-i, --comments      Write additional information.(Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)--compatible=name   Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. Bydefault tables are dumped in a format optimized forMySQL. The only legal mode is ANSI.Note: Requires MySQLserver version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignoredwith earlier server versions.--compact           Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disablesstructure comments and header/footer constructs.  Enablesoptions --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks--skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.-c, --complete-insertUse complete insert statements.-C, --compress      Use compression in server/client protocol.-a, --create-optionsInclude all MySQL specific create options.(Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)-B, --databases     Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; inthis case no tables are given. All name arguments areregarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will beincluded in the output.-#, --debug[=#]     This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.--debug-check       This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.--debug-info        This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.--default-character-set=nameSet the default character set.--delete-source-logsRotate logs before the backup, equivalent to FLUSH LOGS,and purge all old binary logs after the backup,equivalent to PURGE LOGS. This automatically enables--source-data.--delete-master-logsThis option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use delete-source-logs instead.-K, --disable-keys  '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and'/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be putin the output.(Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)--dump-replica[=#]  This causes the binary log position and filename of thesource to be appended to the dumped data output. Settingthe value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER commandin the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that commandwill be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option willturn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction isspecified too (in which case a global read lock is onlytaken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don'tforget to read about --single-transaction below). In allcases any action on logs will happen at the exact momentof the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.--dump-slave[=#]    This option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use dump-replica instead.-E, --events        Dump events.-e, --extended-insertUse multiple-row INSERT syntax that include severalVALUES lists.(Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)--fields-terminated-by=nameFields in the output file are terminated by the givenstring.--fields-enclosed-by=nameFields in the output file are enclosed by the givencharacter.--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=nameFields in the output file are optionally enclosed by thegiven character.--fields-escaped-by=nameFields in the output file are escaped by the givencharacter.-F, --flush-logs    Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note thatif you dump many databases at once (using the option--databases= or --all-databases), the logs will beflushed for each database dumped. The exception is whenusing --lock-all-tables or --source-data: in this casethe logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to themoment all tables are locked. So if you want your dumpand the log flush to happen at the same exact moment youshould use --lock-all-tables or --source-data with--flush-logs.--flush-privileges  Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysqldatabase.  This option should be used any time the dumpcontains the mysql database and any other database thatdepends on the data in the mysql database for properrestore.-f, --force         Continue even if we get an SQL error.-?, --help          Display this help message and exit.--hex-blob          Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) inhexadecimal format.-h, --host=name     Connect to host.--ignore-error=name A comma-separated list of error numbers to be ignored ifencountered during dump.--ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than onetable to ignore, use the directive multiple times, oncefor each table.  Each table must be specified with bothdatabase and table names, e.g.,--ignore-table=database.table.--include-source-host-portAdds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGEMASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-replica.--include-master-host-portThis option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use include-source-host-port instead.--insert-ignore     Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.--lines-terminated-by=nameLines in the output file are terminated by the givenstring.-x, --lock-all-tablesLocks all tables across all databases. This is achievedby taking a global read lock for the duration of thewhole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and--lock-tables off.-l, --lock-tables   Lock all tables for read.(Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)--log-error=name    Append warnings and errors to given file.--mysqld-long-query-time=#Set long_query_time for the session of this dump.Ommitting flag means using the server value.--source-data[=#]   This causes the binary log position and filename to beappended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as aCHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command willbe prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn--lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction isspecified too (in which case a global read lock is onlytaken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don'tforget to read about --single-transaction below). In allcases, any action on logs will happen at the exact momentof the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tablesoff.--master-data[=#]   This option is deprecated and will be removed in a futureversion. Use source-data instead.--max-allowed-packet=#The maximum packet length to send to or receive fromserver.--net-buffer-length=#The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.--no-autocommit     Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.-n, --no-create-db  Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement thatnormally is output for each dumped database if--all-databases or --databases is given.-t, --no-create-infoDon't write table creation info.-d, --no-data       No row information.-N, --no-set-names  Same as --skip-set-charset.--opt               Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,--quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with--skip-opt.--order-by-primary  Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first uniquekey, if such a key exists.  Useful when dumping a MyISAMtable to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will makethe dump itself take considerably longer.-p, --password[=name]Password to use when connecting to server. If password isnot given it's asked from the tty.-,, --password1[=name]Password for first factor authentication plugin.-,, --password2[=name]Password for second factor authentication plugin.-,, --password3[=name]Password for third factor authentication plugin.-W, --pipe          Use named pipes to connect to server.-P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection.--protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,memory).-q, --quick         Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.(Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)-Q, --quote-names   Quote table and column names with backticks (`).(Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)--replace           Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.-r, --result-file=nameDirect output to a given file. This option should be usedin systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-returnlinefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This optionensures that only a single newline is used.-R, --routines      Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).--set-charset       Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.(Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)--set-gtid-purged[=name]Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possiblevalues for this option are ON, COMMENTED, OFF and AUTO.If ON is used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, anerror is generated. If COMMENTED is used, 'SET@@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added as a comment. If OFF isused, this option does nothing. If AUTO is used and GTIDsare enabled on the server, 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' isadded to the output. If GTIDs are disabled, AUTO doesnothing. If no value is supplied then the default (AUTO)value will be considered.--shared-memory-base-name=nameBase name of shared memory.--single-transactionCreates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in asingle transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored instorage engines which support multiversioning (currentlyonly InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to beconsistent for other storage engines. While a--single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure avalid dump file (correct table contents and binary logposition), no other connection should use the followingstatements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolatedfrom them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.--dump-date         Put a dump date to the end of the output.(Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)--skip-opt          Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,--create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,--lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.-S, --socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.--server-public-key-path=nameFile path to the server public RSA key in PEM format.--get-server-public-keyGet server public key--ssl-mode=name     SSL connection mode.--ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format.--ssl-capath=name   CA directory.--ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format.--ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use.--ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format.--ssl-crl=name      Certificate revocation list.--ssl-crlpath=name  Certificate revocation list path.--tls-version=name  TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1.2,TLSv1.3--ssl-fips-mode=nameSSL FIPS mode (applies only for OpenSSL); permittedvalues are: OFF, ON, STRICT--tls-ciphersuites=nameTLS v1.3 cipher to use.--ssl-session-data=nameSession data file to use to enable ssl session reuse--ssl-session-data-continue-on-failed-reuseIf set to ON, this option will allow connection tosucceed even if session data cannot be reused.-T, --tab=name      Create tab-separated textfile for each table to givenpath. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only worksif mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqldserver.--tables            Overrides option --databases (-B).--triggers          Dump triggers for each dumped table.(Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)--tz-utc            SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping ofTIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different timezones or data is being moved between servers withdifferent time zones.(Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)-u, --user=name     User for login if not current user.-v, --verbose       Print info about the various stages.-V, --version       Output version information and exit.-w, --where=name    Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.-X, --xml           Dump a database as well formed XML.--plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.--default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.--enable-cleartext-pluginEnable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.-M, --network-timeoutAllows huge tables to be dumped by settingmax_allowed_packet to maximum value andnet_read_timeout/net_write_timeout to large value.(Defaults to on; use --skip-network-timeout to disable.)--show-create-table-skip-secondary-engineControls whether SECONDARY_ENGINE CREATE TABLE clauseshould be dumped or not. No effect on older servers thatdo not support the server side option.--compression-algorithms=nameUse compression algorithm in server/client protocol.Valid values are any combination of'zstd','zlib','uncompressed'.--zstd-compression-level=#Use this compression level in the client/server protocol,in case --compression-algorithms=zstd. Valid range isbetween 1 and 22, inclusive. Default is 3.--skip-generated-invisible-primary-keyControls whether generated invisible primary key and keycolumn should be dumped or not.Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}          Value (after reading options)
----------------------------------------- --------------------------------
all-databases                             FALSE
all-tablespaces                           FALSE
no-tablespaces                            FALSE
add-drop-database                         FALSE
add-drop-table                            TRUE
add-drop-trigger                          FALSE
add-locks                                 TRUE
allow-keywords                            FALSE
apply-replica-statements                  FALSE
apply-slave-statements                    FALSE
bind-address                              (No default value)
character-sets-dir                        (No default value)
column-statistics                         TRUE
comments                                  TRUE
compatible                                (No default value)
compact                                   FALSE
complete-insert                           FALSE
compress                                  FALSE
create-options                            TRUE
databases                                 FALSE
default-character-set                     utf8
delete-source-logs                        FALSE
delete-master-logs                        FALSE
disable-keys                              TRUE
dump-replica                              0
dump-slave                                0
events                                    FALSE
extended-insert                           TRUE
fields-terminated-by                      (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by                        (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by             (No default value)
fields-escaped-by                         (No default value)
flush-logs                                FALSE
flush-privileges                          FALSE
force                                     FALSE
hex-blob                                  FALSE
host                                      (No default value)
ignore-error                              (No default value)
include-source-host-port                  FALSE
include-master-host-port                  FALSE
insert-ignore                             FALSE
lines-terminated-by                       (No default value)
lock-all-tables                           FALSE
lock-tables                               TRUE
log-error                                 (No default value)
mysqld-long-query-time                    0
source-data                               0
master-data                               0
max-allowed-packet                        25165824
net-buffer-length                         1046528
no-autocommit                             FALSE
no-create-db                              FALSE
no-create-info                            FALSE
no-data                                   FALSE
order-by-primary                          FALSE
port                                      3306
quick                                     TRUE
quote-names                               TRUE
replace                                   FALSE
routines                                  FALSE
set-charset                               TRUE
shared-memory-base-name                   (No default value)
single-transaction                        FALSE
dump-date                                 TRUE
socket                                    (No default value)
server-public-key-path                    (No default value)
get-server-public-key                     FALSE
ssl-ca                                    (No default value)
ssl-capath                                (No default value)
ssl-cert                                  (No default value)
ssl-cipher                                (No default value)
ssl-key                                   (No default value)
ssl-crl                                   (No default value)
ssl-crlpath                               (No default value)
tls-version                               (No default value)
tls-ciphersuites                          (No default value)
ssl-session-data                          (No default value)
ssl-session-data-continue-on-failed-reuse FALSE
tab                                       (No default value)
triggers                                  TRUE
tz-utc                                    TRUE
user                                      (No default value)
verbose                                   FALSE
where                                     (No default value)
plugin-dir                                (No default value)
default-auth                              (No default value)
enable-cleartext-plugin                   FALSE
network-timeout                           TRUE
show-create-table-skip-secondary-engine   FALSE
compression-algorithms                    (No default value)
zstd-compression-level                    3
skip-generated-invisible-primary-key      FALSE

導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)庫表

要導(dǎo)出的是數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql5.6.17
參考: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/269983875

mysqldump -uroot -p --host=192.168.102.45 --port=3306 --column-statistics=0 --databases xxxdatabase > C:\Users\m1562\Downloads\mysql\xxxdatabase.sql

之前導(dǎo)出的時候還遇到了一個錯誤

mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'SELECT COLUMN_NAME,                       JSON_EXTRACT(HISTOGRAM, '$."number-of-buckets-specified"')                FROM information_schema.COLUMN_STATISTICS                WHERE SCHEMA_NAME = 'eci_zjz_admin' AND TABLE_NAME = 'sys_app';': Unknown table 'column_statistics' in information_schema (1109)

因為這個錯誤，所以加上了--column-statistics=0，才正常導(dǎo)出

導(dǎo)入到mysql8.0

方式一，連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫后從本地文件中恢復(fù)

直接用source命令導(dǎo)入，但是需要先連接到mysql中，mysql命令行-連接到數(shù)據(jù)庫

source C:\Users\m1562\Downloads\mysql\xxxdatabase.sql

方式二，一行命令導(dǎo)入msyql

mysql -uroot -p123456 < C:\Users\m1562\Downloads\mysql\xxxdatabase.sql