一. 權(quán)限分類

?1. system_grant

system_grant 為系統(tǒng)授權(quán)，無(wú)需詢問(wèn)用戶，常用的權(quán)限包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求、獲取網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息、獲取wifi信息、獲取傳感器數(shù)據(jù)等。

/* system_grant（系統(tǒng)授權(quán)）*/static readonly INTERNET = 'ohos.permission.INTERNET' // 網(wǎng)路請(qǐng)求static readonly GET_NETWORK_INFO = 'ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO' // 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息-讀static readonly GET_WIFI_INFO = 'ohos.permission.GET_WIFI_INFO' // WIFI信息-讀static readonly GYROSCOPE = 'ohos.permission.GYROSCOPE' // 陀螺儀傳感器static readonly ACCELEROMETER = 'ohos.permission.ACCELEROMETER' // 加速度傳感器

2. user_grant

user_grant 是需要用戶授權(quán)的權(quán)限，常用的權(quán)限包括定位、相機(jī)、麥克風(fēng)、日歷、文件讀寫等。

/* user_grant（用戶授權(quán)）*/static readonly LOCATION = 'ohos.permission.LOCATION' // 定位-精確static readonly APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION = 'ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION' // 定位-模糊static readonly LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND = 'ohos.permission.LOCATION_IN_BACKGROUND' // 定位-后臺(tái)static readonly CAMERA = 'ohos.permission.CAMERA' // 相機(jī)static readonly MICROPHONE = 'ohos.permission.MICROPHONE' // 麥克風(fēng)static readonly READ_CONTACTS = 'ohos.permission.READ_CONTACTS' // 通訊錄-讀static readonly WRITE_CONTACTS = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS' // 通訊錄-寫static readonly READ_CALENDAR = 'ohos.permission.READ_CALENDAR' // 日歷-讀static readonly WRITE_CALENDAR = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR' // 日歷-寫static readonly WRITE_IMAGEVIDEO = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_IMAGEVIDEO' // 圖片視頻-寫static readonly READ_IMAGEVIDEO = 'ohos.permission.READ_IMAGEVIDEO' // 圖片視頻-讀static readonly MEDIA_LOCATION = 'ohos.permission.MEDIA_LOCATION' // 多媒體-本地static readonly WRITE_AUDIO = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_AUDIO' // 音頻-寫static readonly READ_AUDIO = 'ohos.permission.READ_AUDIO' // 音頻-讀static readonly READ_MEDIA = 'ohos.permission.READ_MEDIA' // 文件-讀static readonly WRITE_MEDIA = 'ohos.permission.WRITE_MEDIA' // 文件-寫static readonly APP_TRACKING_CONSENT = 'ohos.permission.APP_TRACKING_CONSENT' // 廣告標(biāo)識(shí)符static readonly DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC = 'ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC' // 多設(shè)備協(xié)同static readonly ACCESS_BLUETOOTH = 'ohos.permission.ACCESS_BLUETOOTH' // 使用藍(lán)牙能力static readonly READ_PASTEBOARD = 'ohos.permission.READ_PASTEBOARD' // 剪貼板static readonly READ_HEALTH_DATA = 'ohos.permission.READ_HEALTH_DATA' // 健康數(shù)據(jù)static readonly ACTIVITY_MOTION = 'ohos.permission.ACTIVITY_MOTION' // 健身運(yùn)動(dòng)

二. 權(quán)限聲明?

1. system_grant

在應(yīng)用?entry 模塊的 module.json5 中添加權(quán)限聲明。

"requestPermissions": [{"name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"}, {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_NETWORK_INFO"}, {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_WIFI_INFO"}
]

?2. user_grant

在應(yīng)用?entry 模塊的 module.json5 中添加權(quán)限聲明。

"requestPermissions": [{"name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION","reason": "$string:PERMISSION_LOCATION","usedScene": {"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],"when":"inuse"}},{"name": "ohos.permission.APP_TRACKING_CONSENT","reason": "$string:PERMISSION_TRACKING_CONSENT","usedScene": {"abilities": ["EntryAbility"],"when":"inuse"}}
]

三. 權(quán)限應(yīng)用?

1. system_grant

使用該類權(quán)限不需要彈窗讓用戶授權(quán)，只需要判斷一下該權(quán)限在應(yīng)用中是否聲明。

import { abilityAccessCtrl, bundleManager, PermissionRequestResult, Permissions, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';export class PermissionManager {async checkPermissions(): void {const bundleInfo: bundleManager.BundleInfo = await bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelf(bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION)const tokenId = bundleInfo.appInfo.accessTokenIdconst atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager()const state = atManager.checkAccessTokenSync(tokenId, 'ohos.permission.INTERNET')if (state === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {console.log('網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求可用')} else {console.log('網(wǎng)絡(luò)請(qǐng)求不可用')}}
}

2. user_grant

使用該類權(quán)限需要先判斷用戶是否授權(quán)，先由用戶授權(quán)之后再使用該類權(quán)限相關(guān)的能力。

import { abilityAccessCtrl, bundleManager, PermissionRequestResult, Permissions, common } from '@kit.AbilityKit';export class PermissionManager {async checkPermissions(): Promise<void> {const bundleInfo: bundleManager.BundleInfo = await bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelf(bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATION)const tokenId = bundleInfo.appInfo.accessTokenIdconst atManager = abilityAccessCtrl.createAtManager()const state = atManager.checkAccessTokenSync(tokenId, 'ohos.permission.LOCATION')if (state === abilityAccessCtrl.GrantStatus.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {console.log('定位權(quán)限已開啟')} else {const context = AppStorage.get('ability_context') as common.UIAbilityContext // 在EntryAbility中存儲(chǔ)AbilityContextconst result: PermissionRequestResult = await atManager.requestPermissionsFromUser(context, ['ohos.permission.LOCATION', 'ohos.permission.APPROXIMATELY_LOCATION'])const authResults: Array<number> = result.authResultsconst grantStatus: boolean = (authResults[0] === 0)if (grantStatus) {console.log('定位權(quán)限已開啟')} else {console.log('定位權(quán)限未開啟')}      }}
}

3. notification

推送通知的權(quán)限是基于 notificationMananger 服務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)，不同于 system_agent 和 user_agent。

import notificationManager from '@ohos.notificationManager';export class PermissionManager {async checkNotificationPermissions(): Promise<void> {let grantStatus = await notificationManager.isNotificationEnabled()if (!grantStatus) {await notificationManager.requestEnableNotification()grantStatus = await notificationManager.isNotificationEnabled()if (!grantStatus) {console.log('通知權(quán)限未開啟')} else {console.log('通知權(quán)限已開啟')}} else {console.log('通知權(quán)限已開啟')}}
}

4. 跳轉(zhuǎn)到APP設(shè)置頁(yè)

import bundleManager from '@ohos.bundle.bundleManager';
import { common, Want } from '@kit.AbilityKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';export class PermissionManager {async gotoSetting(): Promise<void> {const bundleFlags = bundleManager.BundleFlag.GET_BUNDLE_INFO_WITH_APPLICATIONconst bundleParam = bundleManager.getBundleInfoForSelfSync(bundleFlags)const bundleId = bundleParam.namelet wantInfo: Want = {bundleName: 'com.huawei.hmos.settings',abilityName: 'com.huawei.hmos.settings.MainAbility',uri: 'application_info_entry',parameters: {pushParams: bundleId}}const context = AppStorage.get('ability_context') as common.UIAbilityContext // 在EntryAbility中存儲(chǔ)AbilityContextcontext.startAbility(wantInfo).catch((error: BusinessError) => {console.error(`startAbility-error: ${JSON.stringify(error)}`)})}
}

源碼參考：?harmonyos-permission