前言

首先我們看一下產(chǎn)品的需求背景，這個產(chǎn)品為了解決招聘面試的過程中，線下面試管理效率低，面試過程和結果不方便跟蹤的痛點

招聘管理的系統(tǒng)幾乎是每一家中小公司都需要的產(chǎn)品

我們以校園招聘的面試為例子來做 MVP 產(chǎn)品迭代

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首先我們來看一下線下的面試流程，線下面試流程分成三個步驟：

第一個步驟，hr 發(fā)出面試評估表，到一面面試官

這個評估表是word格式的模板，hr 通過郵箱發(fā)出來到面試官，然后一面面試官登錄到郵箱，下載word模板，為每個學生拷貝一份模板文件，使用學生的名字來重命名面試評估表，在評估表里面錄入學生的名字，學校電話學歷等等

第二個步驟，進行第一輪面試，由一面的面試官來面試

每面完一個候選人，面試官把面試的結論填寫到word格式的評估表中，一名面試官在面完一批學生之后，批量把 word 格式的評估表發(fā)送給hr，hr查收下載評估表，匯總結果到 excel，然后發(fā)送到技術二面的面試官做復試，通知二面面試官繼續(xù)做二面

第三個步驟，二面面試官查收并下載 word 格式的評估記錄，開始二面

二面結束后，同樣的把面試結論追加到 word 格式的面試評估表中，然后再郵件通知hr哪些候選人通過了二面，接下來hr繼續(xù)重復前面的操作，做第三輪面試

最后，用Excel匯總，哪些人過了三面，需要通知候選人已經(jīng)被錄取

以及最終的 hr 復試，hr 復試會評估軟性的數(shù)字，包括責任心、溝通能力、邏輯思維，給出最終復試的結論，分成4個等級，最后擇優(yōu)錄取

MVP 產(chǎn)品迭代思想

看起來面試流程蠻復雜的，要能夠管理候選人有不同的角色，需要錄入不同內(nèi)容，還要根據(jù)狀態(tài)來判斷要不要繼續(xù)后續(xù)面試，這么多的功能怎么樣能夠在一天之內(nèi)交付可以使用的面試招聘系統(tǒng)

我們把產(chǎn)品 MVP 迭代的思維應用到了我們面試招聘的系統(tǒng)里面來，幫我們找出系統(tǒng)里面最核心的兩個功能：

一個功能是能夠維護候選人的信息

另外一個功能是能夠去做面試評估，去反饋在系統(tǒng)里面錄入面試評估的結論

數(shù)據(jù)庫設計原則

現(xiàn)在對我們的系統(tǒng)進行建模，并且講解企業(yè)級數(shù)據(jù)庫設計的10個原則

我們來講企業(yè)級數(shù)據(jù)庫設計的10個原則：

我們將創(chuàng)建面試評估的應用，然后創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫模型，創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫模型的時候，記得要遵循這些設計原則

創(chuàng)建 interview 應用

實現(xiàn)候選人面試評估表的增刪改功能，并且按照頁面分組來展示不同的內(nèi)容，如候選人基礎信息，一面，二面的面試結果，HR 的面試結果

我們可以使用 pycharm 上面菜單欄中 Tools 里的 Run manage.py task，這樣就不用每次都輸入前面的命令了

輸入命令 startapp interview

創(chuàng)建完應用后，打開 models.py 文件，開始編寫數(shù)據(jù)建模代碼

from django.db import models# 第一論面試結果
FIRST_INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE = (('建議復試','建議復試'),('待定','待定'),('放棄','放棄'))# 復試面試建議
INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE = (('建議錄用','建議錄用'),('待定','待定'),('放棄','放棄'))# 候選人學歷
DEGREE_TYPE = (('本科','本科'),('碩士','碩士'),('博士','博士'))# HR終面結論
HR_SCORE_TYPE = (('S','S'),('A','A'),('B','B'),('C','C'))class Candidate(models.Model):# 基礎信息userid = models.IntegerField(unique=True, blank=True, null=True, verbose_name='應聘者ID')username = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name='姓名')city = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name='城市')phone = models.CharField(max_length=135, verbose_name='手機號碼')email = models.EmailField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='郵箱')apply_position = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='應聘職位')born_address = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='生源地')gender = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='性別')candidate_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='候選人信息備注')# 學校與學歷信息bachelor_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='  本科學校')master_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='研究生學校')doctor_school = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='博士生學校')major = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='專業(yè)')degree = models.CharField(max_length=135, choices=DEGREE_TYPE, blank=True, verbose_name='學歷')# 綜合能力測評成績，筆試測評成績test_score_of_general_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1,null=True,max_digits=3,blank=True,verbose_name='綜合能力測評成績')paper_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=3, blank=True, verbose_name='筆試成績')# 第一輪面試記錄first_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name='初始分')first_learning_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name='學習能力得分')first_professional_competency = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name='專業(yè)能力得分')first_advantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name='優(yōu)勢')first_disadvantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name='顧慮和不足')first_result = models.CharField(max_length=256, choices=FIRST_INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='初試結果')first_recommend_position = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='推薦部門')first_interviewer = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='初試面試官')first_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='初試備注')# 第二輪面試記錄second_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True, verbose_name='專業(yè)復試得分')second_learning_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name='學習能力得分')second_professional_competency = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name='專業(yè)能力得分')second_pursue_of_excellence = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name='追求卓越得分')second_communication_ability = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name='溝通能力得分')second_pressure_score = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=1, null=True, max_digits=2, blank=True,verbose_name='抗壓能力得分')second_advantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name='優(yōu)勢')second_disadvantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name='顧慮和不足')second_result = models.CharField(max_length=256, choices=INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='專業(yè)復試結果')second_recommend_position = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='建議方向或推薦部門')second_interviewer = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='專業(yè)復試面試官')second_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='專業(yè)復試備注')# HR終面hr_score = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR復試綜合等級')hr_responsibility = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR責任心')hr_communication_ability = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR坦誠溝通')hr_logic_ability = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR邏輯思維')hr_potential = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR發(fā)展?jié)摿?#39;)hr_stability = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=HR_SCORE_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR穩(wěn)定性')hr_advantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name='優(yōu)勢')hr_disadvantage = models.TextField(max_length=1024, blank=True, verbose_name='顧慮和不足')hr_result = models.CharField(max_length=256, choices=INTERVIEW_RESULT_TYPE, blank=True,verbose_name='HR面試結果')hr_interviewer = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='HR面試官')hr_remark = models.CharField(max_length=135, blank=True, verbose_name='HR復試備注')creator = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='候選人數(shù)據(jù)的創(chuàng)建人')created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name="創(chuàng)建時間")modified_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, null=True, blank=True, verbose_name="更新時間")last_editor = models.CharField(max_length=256, blank=True, verbose_name='最后編輯者')class Meta:db_table = 'candidate'verbose_name = '應聘者'verbose_name_plural = '應聘者'def __str__(self):return self.username

然后在 admin.py 文件注冊數(shù)據(jù)模型，并且展示時隱藏一些字段

from django.contrib import admin
from interview.models import Candidateclass CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('creator','created_date','modified_date')list_display = ('username','city','bachelor_school','first_score','first_result','first_interviewer','second_result','second_interviewer','hr_score','hr_result','last_editor')admin.site.register(Candidate,CandidateAdmin)

再到 setting.py 文件注冊應用

INSTALLED_APPS = ['django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','jobs','interview'
]

最后執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移，還是那兩個命令

makemigrations
migrate

?效果圖如下：

頁面分組展示

大家看到這個頁面其實非常長，因為我們的字段實在是太多了，用起來很復雜，所以面試官也好，還是hr也好，他們其實不太清楚哪些內(nèi)容是他需要填的，所以我們對這個頁面進行優(yōu)化，把這個頁面的內(nèi)容分組展示

為了方便，我們使用 pycharm 的代碼編輯器，新建一個文本文檔，把 models.py 里面的字段粘貼過來，然后在這個文件里面去做批量編輯。

首先 ctrl r 來做一個正則表達式的替換，輸入 =.*$

然后點擊星號匹配，再點擊 replace all ，替換掉所有，再刪除一些多余的字段

然后再輸入一個空格，再點擊 replace all ，替換掉所有的空格

然后再輸入 ^ 和 '' ，再點擊 replace all ，替換開頭為 "

然后再輸入? $ 和 '' ，再點擊 replace all ，替換結尾為 "

然后再輸入? $ 和 ， ，再點擊 replace all ，替換結尾為 ，

最后點 edit 這里有個 join line，可以把字段都連起來

再刪除一些多余的標點，最后的成果如下

#基礎信息,學校與學歷信息,綜合能力測評成績,筆試測評成績,
"userid", "username", "city", "phone", "email", "apply_position", "born_address", "gender", "candidate_remark", "bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school", "major", "degree", "test_score_of_general_ability", "paper_score",#第一輪面試記錄,
"first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency", "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage", "first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer", "first_remark",#第二輪面試記錄,
"second_score", "second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency", "second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score", "second_advantage", "second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position", "second_interviewer", "second_remark",#HR終面,
"hr_score", "hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability", "hr_logic_ability", "hr_potential", "hr_stability", "hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer", "hr_remark",

然后把這些字段添加到 admin.py 文件的函數(shù)里，同時在字段之前添加小括號來分小組，讓一行可以展示多個數(shù)據(jù)

class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):...fieldsets = ((None,{'fields':("userid",  ("username", "city"), ("phone", "email"), ("apply_position", "born_address"), ("gender", "candidate_remark"), ("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), ("test_score_of_general_ability", "paper_score"))}),('第一輪面試記錄', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage", "first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer", "first_remark")}),('第二輪專業(yè)復試記錄', {'fields': (("second_score", "second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage", "second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position", "second_interviewer", "second_remark")}),('HR復試記錄', {'fields': (("hr_score", "hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability"), ("hr_logic_ability", "hr_potential", "hr_stability"), "hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer", "hr_remark")}))

刷新界面，發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)分好組了。這里我就不截圖了，太長。

導入候選人 csv 文件

接下來我們再做進一步優(yōu)化，一般我們都不會自己去輸入候選人的基本信息，而是會拿到候選人的 excel 表，或者 csv 文件，那么如何導入候選人 csv 文件呢？

我們在 interview 應用下創(chuàng)建文件夾目錄 management/commands ，創(chuàng)建 import_candidates.py 文件，添加如下代碼

import csvfrom django.core.management import BaseCommand
from interview.models import Candidateclass Command(BaseCommand):help = "從csv導入候選人基本信息"def add_arguments(self, parser):parser.add_argument('--path', type=str)def handle(self, *args, **options):path = options['path']#編碼格式選擇合適的with open(path, 'rt',encoding='gbk') as f:#csv分割符選擇合適的，不選默認為','分割#reader = csv.reader(f,dialect='excel',delimiter=';')reader = csv.reader(f, dialect='excel')for row in reader:candidate = Candidate.objects.create(username=row[0],city=row[1],phone=row[2],bachelor_school=row[3],major=row[4],degree=row[5],test_score_of_general_ability=row[6],paper_score=row[7])

展示一下 excel 的內(nèi)容

然后把 excel 文件導出為 csv 格式文件，并刪除第一行，如下圖

在 pycharm 的 run manage.py task 輸入命令

import_candidates --path C:/Users/ASUS/Desktop/candidates.csv

刷新界面，發(fā)現(xiàn)導入成功

提高查詢效率

這個時候系統(tǒng)里面有很多簡歷了，成百上千的簡歷里面要查找特定候選人的簡歷，或者按照狀態(tài)來查詢待面試，或者已經(jīng)面試通過的候選人查找的效率比較低，希望能夠快速查詢跟篩選，接下來我們實現(xiàn)下面的兩個功能。

第一個能夠按照名字、手機號碼學校來查詢候選人

第二個能夠按照初試的結果，HR 復試的結果面試官來篩選，然后也能夠按照復試結果來排序，復試通過的優(yōu)先排在前面

修改 admin.py 文件為下面的代碼

from django.contrib import admin
from interview.models import Candidate
from datetime import datetimeclass CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):exclude = ('creator','created_date','modified_date')list_display = ('username','city','bachelor_school','first_score','first_result','first_interviewer','second_result','second_interviewer','hr_score','hr_result','last_editor')# 篩選條件list_filter = ('city','first_result','second_result','hr_result','first_interviewer','second_interviewer','hr_interviewer')# 查詢字段search_fields = ('username','phone','email','bachelor_school')# 自動排序字段ordering = ('hr_result','second_result','first_result')# 分組展示字段fieldsets = ((None,{'fields':("userid",  ("username", "city"), ("phone", "email"), ("apply_position", "born_address"), ("gender", "candidate_remark"), ("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), ("test_score_of_general_ability", "paper_score"))}),('第一輪面試記錄', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage", "first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer", "first_remark")}),('第二輪專業(yè)復試記錄', {'fields': (("second_score", "second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage", "second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position", "second_interviewer", "second_remark")}),('HR復試記錄', {'fields': (("hr_score", "hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability"), ("hr_logic_ability", "hr_potential", "hr_stability"), "hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer", "hr_remark")}))def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):obj.last_editor = request.user.usernameif not obj.creator:obj.creator = request.user.usernameobj.modified_date = datetime.now()obj.save()admin.site.register(Candidate,CandidateAdmin)

效果圖：

導出候選人面試結果 csv 文件

現(xiàn)在我們再加一個功能，將數(shù)據(jù)導出為 csv 文件，修改 admin.py 文件如下

from django.contrib import admin
from interview.models import Candidate
from datetime import datetime
from django.http import HttpResponse
import csvexportable_fields = ('username','city',"phone",'bachelor_school','degree','first_result','first_interviewer','second_result','second_interviewer','hr_score','hr_result')def export_model_as_csv(modeladmin,request,queryset):response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')field_list = exportable_fields#可以使用 request 中的 User-Agent 進行客戶端系統(tǒng)判斷，如果用戶的系統(tǒng)是 Windows，那么給導出的文件編碼設置為帶有 BOM 的 UTF-8，否則使用 UTF-8response.charset = 'utf-8-sig' if "Windows" in request.headers.get('User-Agent') else 'utf-8'#Content-Disposition 響應標頭指示回復的內(nèi)容該以何種形式展示，是以內(nèi)聯(lián)的形式（即網(wǎng)頁或者頁面的一部分），還是以附件的形式下載并保存到本地response['Context-Disposition'] = 'attachment;filename="recruitment-candidates-list-%s.csv"' %(datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S'))# 寫入表頭print(response['Context-Disposition'])writer = csv.writer(response)writer.writerow([queryset.model._meta.get_field(f).verbose_name.title() for f in field_list])for obj in queryset:# 單行的記錄(各個字段的值)，寫入csv文件csv_line_values = []for field in field_list:field_object = queryset.model._meta.get_field(field)field_value = field_object.value_from_object(obj)csv_line_values.append(field_value)writer.writerow(csv_line_values)return response#國際化文本
export_model_as_csv.short_description = '導出為CSV文件'class CandidateAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):actions = [export_model_as_csv]exclude = ('creator','created_date','modified_date')list_display = ('username','city','bachelor_school','first_score','first_result','first_interviewer','second_result','second_interviewer','hr_score','hr_result','last_editor')# 篩選條件list_filter = ('city','first_result','second_result','hr_result','first_interviewer','second_interviewer','hr_interviewer')# 查詢字段search_fields = ('username','phone','email','bachelor_school')# 自動排序字段ordering = ('hr_result','second_result','first_result')# 分組展示字段fieldsets = ((None,{'fields':("userid",  ("username", "city"), ("phone", "email"), ("apply_position", "born_address"), ("gender", "candidate_remark"), ("bachelor_school", "master_school", "doctor_school"), ("major", "degree"), ("test_score_of_general_ability", "paper_score"))}),('第一輪面試記錄', {'fields': (("first_score", "first_learning_ability", "first_professional_competency"), "first_advantage", "first_disadvantage", "first_result", "first_recommend_position", "first_interviewer", "first_remark")}),('第二輪專業(yè)復試記錄', {'fields': (("second_score", "second_learning_ability", "second_professional_competency"), ("second_pursue_of_excellence", "second_communication_ability", "second_pressure_score"), "second_advantage", "second_disadvantage", "second_result", "second_recommend_position", "second_interviewer", "second_remark")}),('HR復試記錄', {'fields': (("hr_score", "hr_responsibility", "hr_communication_ability"), ("hr_logic_ability", "hr_potential", "hr_stability"), "hr_advantage", "hr_disadvantage", "hr_result", "hr_interviewer", "hr_remark")}))def save_model(self, request, obj, form, change):obj.last_editor = request.user.usernameif not obj.creator:obj.creator = request.user.usernameobj.modified_date = datetime.now()obj.save()admin.site.register(Candidate,CandidateAdmin)

效果圖：

點擊執(zhí)行成功下載，打開文件效果如下

目前這個導出 csv 文件的文件名會顯示亂碼，并不能輸出我們期望的文件名，暫時我并沒有找到解決方法，如果有寫出來的大佬，務必私信我，感謝！！！

第四階段完成！