目錄

一、DHCP概述

二、DHCP部署實(shí)操

2.1、安裝DHCP軟件

2.2、拷貝配置文件

2.3、配置文件詳解

2.4、重啟軟件服務(wù)

2.5、新開一臺(tái)服務(wù)器，查看dhcp地址獲取

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一、DHCP概述

DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol）是一種應(yīng)用層網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，用于動(dòng)態(tài)分配IP地址和其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置信息給網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的設(shè)備（如計(jì)算機(jī)、路由器、打印機(jī)等）。DHCP是一個(gè)客戶端-服務(wù)器協(xié)議，其中DHCP 服務(wù)器會(huì)為連接到網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的DHCP 客戶端分配 IP 地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼、默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)、DNS 服務(wù)器等信息，從而簡化了設(shè)備配置。

DHCP工作原理

• 客戶端發(fā)送DHCPDISCOVER廣播消息。
• DHCP 服務(wù)器收到消息后，發(fā)送DHCPOFFER響應(yīng)，提供一個(gè)可用的 IP 地址。
• 客戶端選擇其中一個(gè)DHCPOFFER，并發(fā)送DHCPQUEST請(qǐng)求使用該 IP 地址。
• 服務(wù)器確認(rèn)請(qǐng)求，發(fā)送DHCPACK，正式分配IP地址。
• 客戶端配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)并開始使用分配的IP地址。

二、DHCP部署實(shí)操

2.1、安裝DHCP軟件

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service     //關(guān)閉防火墻
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0                         //關(guān)閉selinux
[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp -y            //安裝軟件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qc dhcp                   //查看配置文件
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd6.conf
/etc/openldap/schema/dhcp.schema
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd6.leases

2.2、拷貝配置文件

[root@localhost dhcp]# ls /etc/dhcp/
dhclient.d  dhclient-exit-hooks.d  dhcpd6.conf  dhcpd.conf  scripts
[root@localhost dhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf 
#
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
#   see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example    //dhcp配置文件范本，直接拷貝并修改
#   see dhcpd.conf(5) man page
#
[root@localhost dhcp]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf
[root@localhost dhcp]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcp.conf 

2.3、配置文件詳解

  6 # option definitions common to all supported networks...7 option domain-name "example.org";                               //dns服務(wù)器域名8 option domain-name-servers ns1.example.org, ns2.example.org;    //dns服務(wù)器地址9 10 default-lease-time 600;11 max-lease-time 7200;12 20 # Use this to send dhcp log messages to a different log file (you also21 # have to hack syslog.conf to complete the redirection).22 log-facility local7;        //日志設(shè)施類型23 46 # A slightly different configuration for an internal subnet.47 subnet 10.5.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 {               //分配的網(wǎng)段，拷貝整段進(jìn)行重新配置48   range 10.5.5.26 10.5.5.30;                            //分配的地址范圍49   option domain-name-servers ns1.internal.example.org;  50   option domain-name "internal.example.org";51   option routers 10.5.5.1;                              //指定網(wǎng)關(guān)地址52   option broadcast-address 10.5.5.31;53   default-lease-time 600;54   max-lease-time 7200;55 }75 host fantasia {                                         //主機(jī)分配固定IP地址76   hardware ethernet 08:00:07:26:c0:a5;                  //綁定MAC地址77   fixed-address fantasia.fugue.com;                     //保留的IP地址78 }

 //在空行處粘貼范文27 subnet 192.168.153.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {       //DHCP服務(wù)器網(wǎng)段與子網(wǎng)掩碼28   range 192.168.153.20 192.168.153.100;            //分配的地址范圍30   option routers 192.168.153.2;                    //網(wǎng)關(guān)地址31   default-lease-time 600;                          //租約時(shí)間32 } 

2.4、重啟軟件服務(wù)

[root@localhost dhcp]# systemctl restart dhcpd
● dhcpd.service - DHCPv4 Server DaemonLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/dhcpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since 三 2025-02-26 22:28:19 CST; 4min 13s agoDocs: man:dhcpd(8)man:dhcpd.conf(5)Main PID: 2671 (dhcpd)Status: "Dispatching packets..."Tasks: 1

2.5、新開一臺(tái)服務(wù)器，查看dhcp地址獲取