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基于k8s手動(dòng)部署rabbitmq集群

1、RabbitMQ介紹

RabbitMQ是實(shí)現(xiàn)了高級(jí)消息隊(duì)列協(xié)議AMQP的開(kāi)源消息代理軟件（亦稱(chēng)面向消息的中間件）。RabbitMQ服務(wù)器是用Erlang語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的，而集群和故障轉(zhuǎn)移是構(gòu)建在開(kāi)放電信平臺(tái)框架上的。AMQP：Advanced Message Queue，高級(jí)消息隊(duì)列協(xié)議。它是應(yīng)用層協(xié)議的一個(gè)開(kāi)放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，為面向消息的中間件設(shè)計(jì)，基于此協(xié)議的客戶端與消息中間件可傳遞消息，并不受產(chǎn)品、開(kāi)發(fā)語(yǔ)言燈條件的限制

AMQP具有如下的特性：

  • 可靠性Reliablity：使用了一些機(jī)制來(lái)保證可靠性，比如持久化、傳輸確認(rèn)、發(fā)布確認(rèn)
  • 靈活的路由Flexible Routing：在消息進(jìn)入隊(duì)列之前，通過(guò)Exchange來(lái)路由消息。對(duì)于典型的路由功能，Rabbit已經(jīng)提供了一些內(nèi)置的Exchange來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。針對(duì)更復(fù)雜的路由功能，可以將多個(gè)Exchange綁定在一起，也通過(guò)插件機(jī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的Exchange
  • 消息集群Clustering：多個(gè)RabbitMQ服務(wù)器可以組成一個(gè)集群，形成一個(gè)邏輯Broker
  • 高可用Highly Avaliable Queues：隊(duì)列可以在集群中的機(jī)器上進(jìn)行鏡像，使得在部分節(jié)點(diǎn)出問(wèn)題的情況下隊(duì)列仍然可用
  • 多種協(xié)議Multi-protocol：支持多種消息隊(duì)列協(xié)議，如STOMP、MQTT等
  • 多種語(yǔ)言客戶端Many Clients：幾乎支持所有常用語(yǔ)言，比如Java、.NET、Ruby等
  • 管理界面Management UI：提供了易用的用戶界面，使得用戶可以監(jiān)控和管理消息Broker的許多方面
  • 跟蹤機(jī)制Tracing：如果消息異常，RabbitMQ提供了消息的跟蹤機(jī)制，使用者可以找出發(fā)生了什么
  • 插件機(jī)制Plugin System：提供了許多插件，來(lái)從多方面進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，也可以編輯自己的插件

2、RabbitMQ的持久化和鏡像隊(duì)列

RabbitMQ持久化分為Exchange、Queue、Message

  • Exchange和Queue持久化：指持久化Exchange、Queue元數(shù)據(jù)，持久化的是自身，服務(wù)宕機(jī)Exchange和Queue自身就沒(méi)有了
  • Message持久化：顧名思義就是把每一條消息體持久化，服務(wù)宕機(jī)，消息不丟失

RabbitMQ的隊(duì)列Queue鏡像，指master node在接受到請(qǐng)求后，會(huì)同步到其他節(jié)點(diǎn)上，以此來(lái)保證高可用。在confirm模式下，具體過(guò)程如下

clientpublisher發(fā)送消息 –> master node接到消息 –> master node將消息持久化到磁盤(pán) –> 將消息異步發(fā)送給其他節(jié)點(diǎn) –> master將ack返回給client publisher

3、RabbitMQ集群在k8s中的部署

將RabbitMQ以集群的方式部署在k8s中，前提是RabbitMQ的每個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)都能像傳統(tǒng)方式一樣進(jìn)行相互的服務(wù)發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此RabbitMQ在k8s集群中通過(guò)rabbitmq_peer_discovery_k8s plugin與k8s apiserver進(jìn)行交互，獲取各個(gè)服務(wù)的URL，且RabbitMQ在k8s集群中必須用statefulset和headless service進(jìn)行匹配

需要注意的是，rabbitmq_peer_discovery_k8s是RabbitMQ官方基于第三方開(kāi)源項(xiàng)目rabbitmq-autocluster開(kāi)發(fā)，對(duì)3.7.X及以上版本提供的Kubernetes下的對(duì)等發(fā)現(xiàn)插件，可實(shí)現(xiàn)rabbitmq集群在k8s中的自動(dòng)化部署，因此低于3.7.X版本請(qǐng)使用rabbitmq-autocluster

3.1 環(huán)境介紹

本文部署的版本是3.8.3

默認(rèn)部署在default命名空間下，

持久化存儲(chǔ)為storageclass動(dòng)態(tài)存儲(chǔ)，底層為nfs提供

鏡像地址rabbitmq:3.8.3-management

以下yaml參考自官方示例https://github.com/rabbitmq/diy-kubernetes-examples

3.2 創(chuàng)建configmap

01-rabbitmq-configmap.yaml

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:name: rabbitmq-cluster-confignamespace: defaultlabels:addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
data:enabled_plugins: |[rabbitmq_management,rabbitmq_peer_discovery_k8s].rabbitmq.conf: |default_user = admindefault_pass = 123!@### Cluster formation. See https://www.rabbitmq.com/cluster-formation.html to learn more.cluster_formation.peer_discovery_backend = rabbit_peer_discovery_k8scluster_formation.k8s.host = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local## Should RabbitMQ node name be computed from the pod's hostname or IP address?## IP addresses are not stable, so using [stable] hostnames is recommended when possible.## Set to "hostname" to use pod hostnames.## When this value is changed, so should the variable used to set the RABBITMQ_NODENAME## environment variable.cluster_formation.k8s.address_type = hostname## How often should node cleanup checks run?cluster_formation.node_cleanup.interval = 30## Set to false if automatic removal of unknown/absent nodes## is desired. This can be dangerous, see##  * https://www.rabbitmq.com/cluster-formation.html#node-health-checks-and-cleanup##  * https://groups.google.com/forum/#!msg/rabbitmq-users/wuOfzEywHXo/k8z_HWIkBgAJcluster_formation.node_cleanup.only_log_warning = truecluster_partition_handling = autoheal## See https://www.rabbitmq.com/ha.html#master-migration-data-localityqueue_master_locator=min-masters## See https://www.rabbitmq.com/access-control.html#loopback-usersloopback_users.guest = falsecluster_formation.randomized_startup_delay_range.min = 0cluster_formation.randomized_startup_delay_range.max = 2# default is rabbitmq-cluster's namespace# hostname_suffixcluster_formation.k8s.hostname_suffix = .rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local# memoryvm_memory_high_watermark.absolute = 1GB# diskdisk_free_limit.absolute = 2GB

部分參數(shù)說(shuō)明：

  • enabled_plugins：聲明開(kāi)啟的插件名
  • default_pass/default_pass：聲明用戶名和密碼（雖然有部分文章記錄可以通過(guò)環(huán)境變量的方式聲明，但是經(jīng)測(cè)試，針對(duì)此版本如果指定了configmap即rabbitmq的配置文件，聲明的環(huán)境變量是沒(méi)有用的，都需要在配置文件中指定）
  • cluster_formation.k8s.address_type：從k8s返回的Pod容器列表中計(jì)算對(duì)等節(jié)點(diǎn)列表，這里只能使用主機(jī)名，官方示例中是ip，但是默認(rèn)情況下在k8s中pod的ip都是不固定的，因此可能導(dǎo)致節(jié)點(diǎn)的配置和數(shù)據(jù)丟失，后面的yaml中會(huì)通過(guò)引用元數(shù)據(jù)的方式固定pod的主機(jī)名。

更多參數(shù)請(qǐng)參考官方文檔，這里就不贅述了

3.3 創(chuàng)建service

02-rabbitmq-service.yaml

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:app: rabbitmq-clustername: rabbitmq-clusternamespace: default
spec:clusterIP: Noneports:- name: rmqportport: 5672targetPort: 5672selector:app: rabbitmq-cluster---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:labels:app: rabbitmq-clustername: rabbitmq-cluster-managenamespace: default
spec:ports:- name: httpport: 15672protocol: TCPtargetPort: 15672selector:app: rabbitmq-clustertype: NodePort

上面定義了兩個(gè)Service，一個(gè)是rabbitmq的服務(wù)端口，一個(gè)是管理界面的端口，用戶外部訪問(wèn)，這里通過(guò)NodePort方式進(jìn)行暴露

3.4 創(chuàng)建rbac授權(quán)

前面的介紹中提到了RabbitMQ通過(guò)插件與k8s apiserver交互獲得集群中節(jié)點(diǎn)相關(guān)信息，因此需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行RBAC授權(quán)

03-rabbitmq-rbac.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:name: rabbitmq-clusternamespace: default
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:name: rabbitmq-clusternamespace: default
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]resources: ["endpoints"]verbs: ["get"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:name: rabbitmq-clusternamespace: default
roleRef:apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.iokind: Rolename: rabbitmq-cluster
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccountname: rabbitmq-clusternamespace: default

3.5 創(chuàng)建statefulset

RabbitMQ在k8s中作為一個(gè)有狀態(tài)應(yīng)用進(jìn)行部署，因此控制器類(lèi)型為StatefulSet，yaml中還定義了pvc相關(guān)內(nèi)容

04-rabbitmq-cluster-sts.yaml

kind: StatefulSet
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:labels:app: rabbitmq-clustername: rabbitmq-clusternamespace: default
spec:replicas: 3selector:matchLabels:app: rabbitmq-clusterserviceName: rabbitmq-clustertemplate:metadata:labels:app: rabbitmq-clusterspec:containers:- args:- -c- cp -v /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf ${RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILE}; exec docker-entrypoint.shrabbitmq-servercommand:- shenv:- name: TZvalue: 'Asia/Shanghai'- name: RABBITMQ_ERLANG_COOKIEvalue: 'SWvCP0Hrqv43NG7GybHC95ntCJKoW8UyNFWnBEWG8TY='- name: K8S_SERVICE_NAMEvalue: rabbitmq-cluster- name: POD_IPvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: status.podIP- name: POD_NAMEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.name- name: POD_NAMESPACEvalueFrom:fieldRef:fieldPath: metadata.namespace- name: RABBITMQ_USE_LONGNAMEvalue: "true"- name: RABBITMQ_NODENAMEvalue: rabbit@$(POD_NAME).$(K8S_SERVICE_NAME).$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local- name: RABBITMQ_CONFIG_FILEvalue: /var/lib/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.confimage: rabbitmq:3.8.3-managementimagePullPolicy: IfNotPresentlivenessProbe:exec:command:- rabbitmq-diagnostics- status# See https://www.rabbitmq.com/monitoring.html for monitoring frequency recommendations.initialDelaySeconds: 60periodSeconds: 60timeoutSeconds: 15name: rabbitmqports:- containerPort: 15672name: httpprotocol: TCP- containerPort: 5672name: amqpprotocol: TCPreadinessProbe:exec:command:- rabbitmq-diagnostics- statusinitialDelaySeconds: 20periodSeconds: 60timeoutSeconds: 10volumeMounts:- mountPath: /etc/rabbitmqname: config-volumereadOnly: false- mountPath: /var/lib/rabbitmqname: rabbitmq-storagereadOnly: false- name: timezonemountPath: /etc/localtimereadOnly: trueserviceAccountName: rabbitmq-clusterterminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30volumes:- name: config-volumeconfigMap:items:- key: rabbitmq.confpath: rabbitmq.conf- key: enabled_pluginspath: enabled_pluginsname: rabbitmq-cluster-config- name: timezonehostPath:path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/ShanghaivolumeClaimTemplates:- metadata:name: rabbitmq-storagespec:accessModes:- ReadWriteManystorageClassName: "managed-nfs-storage"resources:requests:storage: 2Gi

3.6 部署檢查

?  rabbitmq-cluster pwd
/Users/ssgeek/Documents/k8s-manifests/rabbitmq-cluster
?  rabbitmq-cluster ls
01-rabbitmq-configmap.yaml   02-rabbitmq-service.yaml     03-rabbitmq-rbac.yaml        04-rabbitmq-cluster-sts.yaml
?  rabbitmq-cluster kubectl apply -f .
configmap/rabbitmq-cluster-config created
service/rabbitmq-cluster created
service/rabbitmq-cluster-manage created
serviceaccount/rabbitmq-cluster created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/rabbitmq-cluster created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/rabbitmq-cluster created
statefulset.apps/rabbitmq-cluster created

等待一段時(shí)間，查看創(chuàng)建的相關(guān)資源

?  rabbitmq-cluster kubectl get po,sts -l app=rabbitmq-cluster
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/rabbitmq-cluster-0   1/1     Running   0          3m22s
pod/rabbitmq-cluster-1   1/1     Running   0          2m18s
pod/rabbitmq-cluster-2   1/1     Running   0          2m23sNAME                                READY   AGE
statefulset.apps/rabbitmq-cluster   3/3     3m25s

查看日志，從日志的最后部分觀察集群建立的狀態(tài)

?  rabbitmq-cluster kubectl logs -f rabbitmq-cluster-0
'/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf' -> '/var/lib/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.conf'
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags: list of feature flags found:
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags:   [ ] drop_unroutable_metric
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags:   [ ] empty_basic_get_metric
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags:   [ ] implicit_default_bindings
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags:   [ ] quorum_queue
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags:   [ ] virtual_host_metadata
2021-02-17 03:30:39.445 [info] <0.9.0> Feature flags: feature flag states written to disk: yes
2021-02-17 03:30:39.544 [info] <0.269.0> ra: meta data store initialised. 0 record(s) recovered
2021-02-17 03:30:39.547 [info] <0.274.0> WAL: recovering []
2021-02-17 03:31:10.676 [info] <0.313.0> Starting RabbitMQ 3.8.3 on Erlang 22.3.4.1Copyright (c) 2007-2020 Pivotal Software, Inc.Licensed under the MPL 1.1. Website: https://rabbitmq.com##  ##      RabbitMQ 3.8.3##  ############  Copyright (c) 2007-2020 Pivotal Software, Inc.######  ############  Licensed under the MPL 1.1. Website: https://rabbitmq.comDoc guides: https://rabbitmq.com/documentation.htmlSupport:    https://rabbitmq.com/contact.htmlTutorials:  https://rabbitmq.com/getstarted.htmlMonitoring: https://rabbitmq.com/monitoring.htmlLogs: <stdout>Config file(s): /var/lib/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.confStarting broker...2021-02-17 03:31:10.678 [info] <0.313.0> node           : rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.localhome dir       : /var/lib/rabbitmqconfig file(s) : /var/lib/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.confcookie hash    : H+IQL2spD4MDV4jPi7mMAg==log(s)         : <stdout>database dir   : /var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local
2021-02-17 03:31:10.695 [info] <0.313.0> Running boot step pre_boot defined by app rabbit...省略中間內(nèi)容2021-02-17 03:31:13.273 [info] <0.824.0> Statistics database started.
2021-02-17 03:31:13.273 [info] <0.823.0> Starting worker pool 'management_worker_pool' with 3 processes in it
2021-02-17 03:31:13.467 [info] <0.9.0> Server startup complete; 5 plugins started.* rabbitmq_peer_discovery_k8s* rabbitmq_management* rabbitmq_web_dispatch* rabbitmq_management_agent* rabbitmq_peer_discovery_commoncompleted with 5 plugins.
2021-02-17 03:32:30.060 [info] <0.566.0> node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local' up
2021-02-17 03:32:31.264 [info] <0.566.0> rabbit on node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local' up
2021-02-17 03:33:31.280 [info] <0.566.0> node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local' up
2021-02-17 03:33:32.627 [info] <0.566.0> rabbit on node 'rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local' up

進(jìn)入到pod中通過(guò)客戶端查看集群狀態(tài)

?  rabbitmq-cluster kubectl exec -it rabbitmq-cluster-0 bash
root@rabbitmq-cluster-0:/# rabbitmqctl cluster_status
Cluster status of node rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local ...
BasicsCluster name: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.localDisk Nodesrabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local
rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local
rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.localRunning Nodesrabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local
rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local
rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.localVersionsrabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local: RabbitMQ 3.8.3 on Erlang 22.3.4.1
rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local: RabbitMQ 3.8.3 on Erlang 22.3.4.1
rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local: RabbitMQ 3.8.3 on Erlang 22.3.4.1Alarms(none)Network Partitions(none)ListenersNode: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 25672, protocol: clustering, purpose: inter-node and CLI tool communication
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 5672, protocol: amqp, purpose: AMQP 0-9-1 and AMQP 1.0
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-0.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 15672, protocol: http, purpose: HTTP API
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 25672, protocol: clustering, purpose: inter-node and CLI tool communication
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 5672, protocol: amqp, purpose: AMQP 0-9-1 and AMQP 1.0
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-1.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 15672, protocol: http, purpose: HTTP API
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 25672, protocol: clustering, purpose: inter-node and CLI tool communication
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 5672, protocol: amqp, purpose: AMQP 0-9-1 and AMQP 1.0
Node: rabbit@rabbitmq-cluster-2.rabbitmq-cluster.default.svc.cluster.local, interface: [::], port: 15672, protocol: http, purpose: HTTP APIFeature flagsFlag: drop_unroutable_metric, state: enabled
Flag: empty_basic_get_metric, state: enabled
Flag: implicit_default_bindings, state: enabled
Flag: quorum_queue, state: enabled
Flag: virtual_host_metadata, state: enabled

通過(guò)NodePort訪問(wèn)管理界面

kubectl get svc -l app=rabbitmq-cluster
NAME                      TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)           AGE
rabbitmq-cluster          ClusterIP   None           <none>        5672/TCP          8m47s
rabbitmq-cluster-manage   NodePort    10.1.239.191   <none>        15672:30888/TCP   8m47s

到這里，在k8s中手動(dòng)部署一個(gè)RabbitMQ集群就完成啦~

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