---部分截圖來(lái)自 siki學(xué)院Unity網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊課程

Socket?

網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的兩個(gè)程序通過(guò)一個(gè)雙向的通信連接實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換，這個(gè)連接的一端稱(chēng)為一個(gè) Socket ，Socket 包含了網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信必須的五種信息

Socket 例子{?

協(xié)議： TCP

本地： IP ，端口

遠(yuǎn)程： IP ，端口

}

可以通過(guò)ipconfig，netstat? ?-ano 查看 Ip 和端口

創(chuàng)建客戶(hù)端連接服務(wù)端

客戶(hù)端代碼：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;namespace wangluo
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Socket 需要using System.Net.Sockets;Socket tempClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);tempClient.Connect("127.0.0.1", 8888);}}
}

服務(wù)端代碼：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;namespace Server
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Socket tempServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);IPEndPoint tempEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8888);  //using System.Net;tempServer.Bind(tempEndPoint);  //綁定端口tempServer.Listen(0);  //監(jiān)聽(tīng)，0表示掛起的隊(duì)列無(wú)限長(zhǎng)Console.WriteLine("服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)成功");Socket tempConnectClient = tempServer.Accept();Console.WriteLine("客戶(hù)端連接成功:" + tempConnectClient);}}
}

先開(kāi)啟服務(wù)端再開(kāi)啟客戶(hù)端?

客戶(hù)端服務(wù)端互發(fā)信息

客戶(hù)端代碼：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;namespace wangluo
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Socket 需要using System.Net.Sockets;Socket tempClient = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);tempClient.Connect("127.0.0.1", 8888);//客戶(hù)端向服務(wù)端發(fā)信息string tempSendInfo = Console.ReadLine();//將字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成 bufferbyte[] tempSendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tempSendInfo);//發(fā)送信息tempClient.Send(tempSendData);//接收來(lái)自服務(wù)端的信息byte[] tempReadBuffer = new byte[1024];tempClient.Receive(tempReadBuffer);string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到服務(wù)端信息：" + tempReadString);}}
}

服務(wù)端代碼：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;namespace Server
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Socket tempServer = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);IPEndPoint tempEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8888);  //using System.Net;tempServer.Bind(tempEndPoint);  //綁定端口tempServer.Listen(0);  //監(jiān)聽(tīng)，0表示掛起的隊(duì)列無(wú)限長(zhǎng)Console.WriteLine("服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)成功");Socket tempConnectClient = tempServer.Accept();Console.WriteLine("客戶(hù)端連接成功:" + tempConnectClient);byte[] tempReadBuffer = new byte[1024];tempConnectClient.Receive(tempReadBuffer);//將 byte 轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到客戶(hù)端信息：" + tempReadString);//服務(wù)端向客戶(hù)端發(fā)信息string tempSendInfo = Console.ReadLine();byte[] tempSendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tempSendInfo);tempConnectClient.Send(tempSendData);}}
}

封裝一下代碼：

客戶(hù)端：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;namespace wangluo
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Socket 需要using System.Net.Sockets;Socket tempClient = CreateSocket();tempClient.Connect("127.0.0.1", 8888);Send(tempClient);Receive(tempClient);}static Socket CreateSocket(){return new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);}static void Send(Socket tempClient){//客戶(hù)端向服務(wù)端發(fā)信息string tempSendInfo = Console.ReadLine();//將字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成 bufferbyte[] tempSendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tempSendInfo);//發(fā)送信息tempClient.Send(tempSendData);}static void Receive(Socket tempClient){//接收來(lái)自服務(wù)端的信息byte[] tempReadBuffer = new byte[1024];tempClient.Receive(tempReadBuffer);string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到服務(wù)端信息：" + tempReadString);}}
}

?服務(wù)端：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;namespace Server
{class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Socket tempServer = CreateSocket();BindAndListen(tempServer);Socket tempConnectClient = Accept(tempServer);Receive(tempConnectClient);Send(tempConnectClient);}static Socket CreateSocket(){return new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);}static void BindAndListen(Socket pSocket){IPEndPoint tempEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8888);  //using System.Net;pSocket.Bind(tempEndPoint);  //綁定端口pSocket.Listen(0);  //監(jiān)聽(tīng)，0表示掛起的隊(duì)列無(wú)限長(zhǎng)Console.WriteLine("服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)成功");}static Socket Accept(Socket pSocket){Socket tempConnectClient = pSocket.Accept();Console.WriteLine("客戶(hù)端連接成功:" + tempConnectClient);return tempConnectClient;}static void Receive(Socket pSocket){byte[] tempReadBuffer = new byte[1024];pSocket.Receive(tempReadBuffer);//將 byte 轉(zhuǎn)換成字符串string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到客戶(hù)端信息：" + tempReadString);}static void Send(Socket pSocket){//服務(wù)端向客戶(hù)端發(fā)信息string tempSendInfo = Console.ReadLine();byte[] tempSendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tempSendInfo);pSocket.Send(tempSendData);}}
}

Socket 代碼解析：

AddressFamily: InterNetwork 使用IPv4 ? ?InterNetworkV6 使用IPv6

SocketType：

異步

客戶(hù)端：異步 Connect

// Main
tempClient.BeginConnect("127.0.0.1", 8888, ConnectCallback, tempClient);static void ConnectCallback(IAsyncResult ar){//beginconnect函數(shù)中最后一個(gè)參數(shù)就是用來(lái)作為callback的參數(shù)使用//將其由 object 類(lèi)型強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換成 socket 類(lèi)型Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;//與 BeginConnect 配套的 EndConnect//異步的結(jié)束tempSocket.EndConnect(ar);Console.WriteLine("連接服務(wù)器成功");Send(tempSocket);Receive(tempSocket);Close(tempSocket);}

異步 Receive

//接收來(lái)自服務(wù)端的信息  調(diào)用 Receive 的地方tempSocket.BeginReceive(tempReadBuffer, 0, 1024,SocketFlags.None, ReceiveCallback, tempSocket);static void ReceiveCallback(IAsyncResult ar){        Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndReceive(ar);string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到服務(wù)端信息：" + tempReadString);Close(tempSocket);}

異常處理：

static void ReceiveCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndReceive(ar);string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到服務(wù)端信息：" + tempReadString);Close(tempSocket);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("連接異常" + ex.ToString());}}

異步send

tempClient.BeginSend(tempSendData,0,tempSendData.Length,SocketFlags.None, SendCallback, tempClient);static void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndSend(ar);Console.WriteLine("發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)成功");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("發(fā)送異常");}

總覽：

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;namespace wangluo
{class Program{static private byte[] tempReadBuffer = new byte[1024];static void Main(string[] args){//創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Socket 需要using System.Net.Sockets;Socket tempClient = CreateSocket();tempClient.BeginConnect("127.0.0.1", 8888, ConnectCallback, tempClient);System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);}static Socket CreateSocket(){return new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);}static void Send(Socket tempClient){//客戶(hù)端向服務(wù)端發(fā)信息string tempSendInfo = Console.ReadLine();//將字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成 bufferbyte[] tempSendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tempSendInfo);//發(fā)送信息tempClient.BeginSend(tempSendData,0,tempSendData.Length,SocketFlags.None, SendCallback, tempClient);}static void Close(Socket pSocket){pSocket.Close();}static void ConnectCallback(IAsyncResult ar){//beginconnect函數(shù)中最后一個(gè)參數(shù)就是用來(lái)作為callback的參數(shù)使用//將其由 object 類(lèi)型強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換成 socket 類(lèi)型Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;//與 BeginConnect 配套的 EndConnect//異步的結(jié)束tempSocket.EndConnect(ar);Console.WriteLine("連接服務(wù)器成功");Send(tempSocket);//接收來(lái)自服務(wù)端的信息tempSocket.BeginReceive(tempReadBuffer, 0, 1024, SocketFlags.None, ReceiveCallback, tempSocket);}static void ReceiveCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndReceive(ar);string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(tempReadBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到服務(wù)端信息：" + tempReadString);Close(tempSocket);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("接收失敗" + ex.ToString());}}static void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndSend(ar);Console.WriteLine("發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)成功");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("發(fā)送異常");}}}
}

服務(wù)端：異步 Accept

//main
tempServer.BeginAccept(AcceptCallback, tempServer);static void AcceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSeverSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;Socket tempClientSocket = tempSeverSocket.EndAccept(ar);Console.WriteLine("客戶(hù)端接收成功：" + ((IPEndPoint)tempClientSocket.RemoteEndPoint));Receive(tempClientSocket);Send(tempClientSocket);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("接收客戶(hù)端失敗");}}

服務(wù)端：異步Send和異步Receive

using System;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;namespace Server
{class Program{static byte[] readBuffer = new byte[1024];static void Main(string[] args){Socket tempServer = CreateSocket();BindAndListen(tempServer);tempServer.BeginAccept(AcceptCallback, tempServer);System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);}static Socket CreateSocket(){return new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp);}static void BindAndListen(Socket pSocket){IPEndPoint tempEndPoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse("127.0.0.1"), 8888);  //using System.Net;pSocket.Bind(tempEndPoint);  //綁定端口pSocket.Listen(0);  //監(jiān)聽(tīng)，0表示掛起的隊(duì)列無(wú)限長(zhǎng)Console.WriteLine("服務(wù)端啟動(dòng)成功");}static void Send(Socket pSocket){//服務(wù)端向客戶(hù)端發(fā)信息string tempSendInfo = Console.ReadLine();byte[] tempSendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(tempSendInfo);pSocket.BeginSend(tempSendData, 0, tempSendData.Length, SocketFlags.None, SendCallback, pSocket);}static void Close(Socket pSocket){pSocket.Close();}static void AcceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSeverSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;Socket tempClientSocket = tempSeverSocket.EndAccept(ar);Console.WriteLine("客戶(hù)端接收成功：" + ((IPEndPoint)tempClientSocket.RemoteEndPoint));tempClientSocket.BeginReceive(readBuffer, 0, 1024, SocketFlags.None,ReceiveCallback, tempClientSocket);Send(tempClientSocket);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("接收客戶(hù)端失敗");}}static void ReceiveCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndReceive(ar);string tempReadString = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(readBuffer);Console.WriteLine("接收到客戶(hù)端信息：" + tempReadString);Close(tempSocket);}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("接收失敗" + ex.ToString());}}static void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar){try{Socket tempSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;tempSocket.EndSend(ar);Console.WriteLine("發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)成功");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine("發(fā)送異常");}}}
}

讓服務(wù)端支持多個(gè)客戶(hù)端連接

//用來(lái)存放連接到的客戶(hù)端private static List<Socket> clientList = new List<Socket>();static void AcceptCallback(IAsyncResult ar){Socket tempSeverSocket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState;Socket tempClientSocket = tempSeverSocket.EndAccept(ar);Console.WriteLine("客戶(hù)端接收成功：" + ((IPEndPoint)tempClientSocket.RemoteEndPoint));tempClientSocket.BeginReceive(readBuffer, 0, 1024, SocketFlags.None,ReceiveCallback, tempClientSocket);tempSeverSocket.BeginAccept(AcceptCallback, tempSeverSocket);clientList.Add(tempClientSocket);Send(tempClientSocket);;}

HTTP協(xié)議

C#使用 http 協(xié)議的示例：?

private static void Get(){HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create("http://www.metools.info");request.Method = "GET";//request.AcceptHttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();response.GetResponseStream();Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();string result = new StreamReader(responseStream).ReadToEnd();Console.WriteLine(result);}

FTP 協(xié)議