福鼎建設(shè)局網(wǎng)站首頁最簡單的網(wǎng)頁制作
在Python的網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲中,BeautifulSoup庫是一個重要的網(wǎng)頁解析工具。在初級教程中,我們已經(jīng)了解了BeautifulSoup庫的基本使用方法。在本篇文章中,我們將深入學(xué)習(xí)BeautifulSoup庫的進階使用。
一、復(fù)雜的查找條件
在使用find
和find_all
方法查找元素時,我們可以使用復(fù)雜的查找條件,例如我們可以查找所有class為"story"的p標(biāo)簽:
from bs4 import BeautifulSouphtml_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</p>
"""soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')story_p_tags = soup.find_all('p', class_='story')for p in story_p_tags:print(p.string)
二、遍歷DOM樹
在BeautifulSoup中,我們可以方便的遍歷DOM樹,以下是一些常用的遍歷方法:
from bs4 import BeautifulSouphtml_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</p>
"""soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')# 獲取直接子節(jié)點
for child in soup.body.children:print(child)# 獲取所有子孫節(jié)點
for descendant in soup.body.descendants:print(descendant)# 獲取兄弟節(jié)點
for sibling in soup.p.next_siblings:print(sibling)# 獲取父節(jié)點
print(soup.p.parent)
三、修改DOM樹
除了遍歷DOM樹,我們還可以修改DOM樹,例如我們可以修改tag的內(nèi)容和屬性:
from bs4 import BeautifulSouphtml_doc = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were</p>
"""soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, 'html.parser')soup.p.string = 'New story'
soup.p['class'] = 'new_title'print(soup.p)
四、解析XML
除了解析HTML外,BeautifulSoup還可以解析XML,我們只需要在創(chuàng)建BeautifulSoup對象時指定解析器為"lxml-xml"即可:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoupxml_doc = """
<bookstore>
<book category="COOKING"><title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title><author>Giada De Laurentiis</author><year>2005</year>
</book>
</bookstore>
"""soup = BeautifulSoup(xml_doc, 'lxml-xml')print(soup.prettify())
以上就是BeautifulSoup庫的進階使用方法,通過本篇文章,我們可以更好地使用BeautifulSoup庫進行網(wǎng)頁解析,以便更有效地進行網(wǎng)絡(luò)爬蟲。