目錄

一、try except異常處理的語句格式

二、獲取相關(guān)異常信息

（1）sys.exec_info()

三、traceback模塊的常用方式

（1）traceback.print_tb(tb,?limit=None,?file=None)?打印指定堆棧異常信息

?（2）traceback.print_exception(exc,?/,?[value,?tb,?]limit=None,?file=None,?chain=True)?和?traceback.print_exc(limit=None,?file=None,?chain=True)?打印指定堆棧異常信息

?（3）traceback.format_list(extracted_list)?和 traceback.format_exception(exc,?/,?[value,?tb,?]limit=None,?chain=True)? 返回可打印的錯(cuò)誤信息字符串列表

?（4）和?traceback.format_exc(limit=None,?chain=True)? 返回錯(cuò)誤信息字符串

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一、try except異常處理的語句格式

try:可能產(chǎn)生異常的代碼塊
except [ (Error1, Error2, ... ) [as e] ]:處理異常的代碼塊1
except [ (Error3, Error4, ... ) [as e] ]:處理異常的代碼塊2
except? [Exception]:處理其它異常
finally:最后做其他事情，finally必定執(zhí)行

二、獲取相關(guān)異常信息

（1）sys.exec_info()

sys.exc_info() 該函數(shù)會返回一個(gè)元組(type(e),?e,?e.__traceback__)。該元組記錄錯(cuò)誤類型、錯(cuò)誤信息、錯(cuò)誤信息所在堆棧。如果沒有異常發(fā)生，則會返回一個(gè)空的元組

示例：

import sys
import tracebackdef func(a: int, b: int):return a // bdef func1(a: int, b: int):try:return func(a, b)except Exception as e:errType, errInfo, errTraceBack = sys.exc_info()print(errType)         # <class 'ZeroDivisionError'>print(errInfo)         # integer division or modulo by zeroprint(errTraceBack)    # <traceback object at 0x000001FEF8C7BB80>if __name__ == "__main__":func1(1, 0)

三、traceback模塊的常用方式

相關(guān)官方文檔：traceback —— 打印或讀取堆棧的跟蹤信息 — Python 3.11.2 文檔

（1）traceback.print_tb(tb,?limit=None,?file=None)?打印指定堆棧異常信息

• traceback.print_tb(tb,?limit=None,?file=None)?其中tb指的是從sys.exc_info()獲取的traceback堆棧類型，limit指的是報(bào)告錯(cuò)誤的堆棧層數(shù)，file指的是輸出到哪個(gè)文件流中，默認(rèn)為stderr

import sys
import tracebackdef func(a: int, b: int):return a // bdef func1(a: int, b: int):try:return func(a, b)except Exception as e:errType, errInfo, errTraceBack = sys.exc_info()traceback.print_tb(errTraceBack) 
'''File "d:\Python WorkSpace\GameAssist\test2.py", line 10, in func1return func(a, b)File "d:\Python WorkSpace\GameAssist\test2.py", line 6, in funcreturn a // b
'''if __name__ == "__main__":func1(1, 0)

?（2）traceback.print_exception(exc,?/,?[value,?tb,?]limit=None,?file=None,?chain=True)?和?traceback.print_exc(limit=None,?file=None,?chain=True)?打印指定堆棧異常信息

• traceback.print_exception(exc,?/,?[value,?tb,?]limit=None,?file=None,?chain=True)?打印回溯對象?tb?到?file?的異常信息和整個(gè)堆?；厮?。
• traceback.print_exc(limit=None,?file=None,?chain=True)?相當(dāng)于print_exception(*sys.exc_info(),?limit,?file,?chain)?的簡寫

import sys
import tracebackdef func(a: int, b: int):return a // bdef func1(a: int, b: int):try:return func(a, b)except Exception as e:traceback.print_exception(e)traceback.print_exception(e, file=open("./ErrorLog.txt", "a+"))
'''
Traceback (most recent call last):File "d:\Python WorkSpace\GameAssist\test2.py", line 9, in func1return func(a, b)File "d:\Python WorkSpace\GameAssist\test2.py", line 5, in funcreturn a // b
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
'''
if __name__ == "__main__":func1(1, 0)

?（3）traceback.format_list(extracted_list)?和 traceback.format_exception(exc,?/,?[value,?tb,?]limit=None,?chain=True)? 返回可打印的錯(cuò)誤信息字符串列表

• traceback.format_list(extracted_list)給定一個(gè)由元組或如?extract_tb()?或?extract_stack()?所返回的?FrameSummary?對象組成的列表，返回一個(gè)可打印的字符串列表

import sys
import tracebackdef func(a: int, b: int):return a // bdef func1(a: int, b: int):try:return func(a, b)except Exception as e:errType, errInfo, errTraceBack = sys.exc_info()print(traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_tb(errTraceBack)))
'''
['  File "d:\\Python WorkSpace\\GameAssist\\test2.py", line 9, in func1\n    return func(a, b)\n', '  File "d:\\Python WorkSpace\\GameAssist\\test2.py", line 5, in func\n    return a // b\n']
'''if __name__ == "__main__":func1(1, 0)

• ?traceback.format_exception(exc,?/,?[value,?tb,?]limit=None,?chain=True)? 格式化一個(gè)棧跟蹤和異常信息。 參數(shù)的含義與傳給?print_exception()?的相應(yīng)參數(shù)相同。 返回值是一個(gè)字符串列表，每個(gè)字符串都以一個(gè)換行符結(jié)束且有些還包含內(nèi)部換行符。

import sys
import tracebackdef func(a: int, b: int):return a // bdef func1(a: int, b: int):try:return func(a, b)except Exception as e:print(traceback.format_exception(e))'''
['Traceback (most recent call last):\n', '  File "d:\\Python WorkSpace\\GameAssist\\test2.py", line 9, in func1\n    return func(a, b)\n', '  File "d:\\Python WorkSpace\\GameAssist\\test2.py", line 5, in func\n    return a // b\n', 'ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero\n']
'''if __name__ == "__main__":func1(1, 0)

?（4）和?traceback.format_exc(limit=None,?chain=True)? 返回錯(cuò)誤信息字符串

• traceback.format_exc(limit=None,?chain=True)?這類似于?print_exc(limit)?但會返回一個(gè)字符串而不是打印到一個(gè)文件

import sys
import tracebackdef func(a: int, b: int):return a // bdef func1(a: int, b: int):try:return func(a, b)except Exception as e:print(traceback.format_exc())'''
Traceback (most recent call last):File "d:\Python WorkSpace\GameAssist\test2.py", line 9, in func1return func(a, b)File "d:\Python WorkSpace\GameAssist\test2.py", line 5, in funcreturn a // b
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
'''if __name__ == "__main__":func1(1, 0)