.NET

dotnet5（.NET）合并了.NET Framework、.NET Core(可以跨平臺)

實(shí)操：創(chuàng)建項(xiàng)目

我用的Visual Studio2022 先創(chuàng)建新項(xiàng)目

再點(diǎn)擊下一步后

說明（了解即可）：在找到相應(yīng)文件位置后，點(diǎn)擊 “生成” 下方會(huì)出現(xiàn) 成功 之后 Debug 下會(huì)生成很多文件其中 xxx.exe 是生成的可執(zhí)行文件，在.NET平臺是一種通用文件

執(zhí)行

C#基礎(chǔ)語法

數(shù)據(jù)類型

• 簡單數(shù)據(jù)類型（值類型）
• 引用類型（值存儲(chǔ)在堆里面，地址存儲(chǔ)在棧里面)
  

變量

實(shí)操001_變量

namespace Demo001_變量
{internal class Program{   //"///"是注釋 解釋說明的作用/// <summary>/// 主方法，程序的入口/// </summary>/// <param name="args"></param>static void Main(string[] args){//聲明變量存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)string message;//給變量賦值message = "歡迎來到C#的世界";//使用變量Console.WriteLine(message);//存儲(chǔ)員工的信息：工號，姓名，性別，入職日期，基本工資，部門，崗位string emplyeeNo, name;bool gender;DateTime jobInDateTime;double salary;string departmentName;string job;Console.Write("請輸入工號：");emplyeeNo = Console.ReadLine();Console.Write("請輸入姓名：");name = Console.ReadLine();Console.Write("請輸入性別：");gender = Convert.ToBoolean(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write("請輸入入職日期（yyyy-mm-dd）:");jobInDateTime = Convert.ToDateTime(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write("請輸入基本工資：");salary = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write("請輸入部門：");departmentName = Console.ReadLine();Console.Write("請輸入崗位：");job = Console.ReadLine();//輸出個(gè)人信息Console.WriteLine($"工號：{emplyeeNo}\n" +$"姓名：{name}\n" +$"性別：{gender}\n" +$"入職日期：{jobInDateTime}\n" +$"基本工資：{salary}\n" +$"部門：{departmentName}\n" +$"崗位：{job}");}}
}

如何在一個(gè)解決方案 中創(chuàng)建另一個(gè)項(xiàng)目

后面的步驟前面有講過。

注意：點(diǎn)擊 配置啟動(dòng)項(xiàng) ， 勾選 當(dāng)前項(xiàng)目

![啟動(dòng)項(xiàng)設(shè)置]](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/fd028c9cac10418a891dfc2ab073013b.png)

實(shí)操002

namespace Demo002_算術(shù)運(yùn)算符
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){DateTime dateOfBirth= Convert.ToDateTime("1995-10-2");int age = DateTime.Now.Year - dateOfBirth.Year;Console.WriteLine("年齡："+age);//age++ 和 ++age 區(qū)別//先用再加  先加再用bool gender = true;gender = false;//string sex = gender == true ? "男" : "女";string sex = !gender ? "男" : "女";Console.WriteLine($"性別：{sex}");Console.WriteLine();Console.Write("請輸入賬號：");string loginId = Console.ReadLine();Console.Write("請輸入密碼：");string loginPassword = Console.ReadLine();string loginMsg = loginId == "admin" && loginPassword =="123456" ? "登錄成功" : "用戶名或密碼錯(cuò)誤，登錄失敗";Console.WriteLine(loginMsg);}}
}

結(jié)構(gòu)

實(shí)操003-if else

namespace Demo003_選擇結(jié)構(gòu)
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("請問是否進(jìn)行C#學(xué)習(xí)：（y/n）:");string input = Console.ReadLine().ToLower();//輸入轉(zhuǎn)換為小寫     .ToUpper()轉(zhuǎn)化為大寫if (input != "y" && input != "n") {Console.WriteLine("輸入有誤");}else{if (input == "y"){Console.WriteLine("繼續(xù)閱讀");}else{Console.WriteLine("停止閱讀");}}}}
}

實(shí)操004-多分支

namespace Demo004_多分支
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Console.WriteLine("*******年終獎(jiǎng)判定程序**********");Console.WriteLine("請輸入基本工資：");double salary = Convert.ToDouble(Console.ReadLine());Console.WriteLine("請輸入考核等級（ABCD）：");char level = Convert.ToChar(Console.ReadLine().ToUpper());double reward;//獎(jiǎng)金if (level < 'A' || level > 'D')Console.WriteLine("等級輸入有誤");//多分支else{//if (level == 'A')//reward = salary * 6;//else if (level == 'B')//reward = salary * 3;//else if (level == 'C')//reward = salary * 2;//else//reward = salary;//只能寫等值判斷switch (level){case 'A':reward = salary * 6;break;case 'B':reward = salary * 3;break;case 'C':reward = salary * 2;break;default:reward = salary;break;}Console.WriteLine($"年終獎(jiǎng)是{reward}");}}}
}

多行注釋按鈕

實(shí)操：循環(huán)

namespace Demo005_循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//forint i;//定義在外面比較好for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {Console.WriteLine("重要的事情說三遍");}//登錄系統(tǒng)，輸入用戶名和密碼，三次有效string userName, password;for(i = 0;i < 3; i++){Console.WriteLine($"第{i + 1}次登錄開始......");Console.Write("請輸入用戶名：");userName= Console.ReadLine();Console.Write("請輸入密碼：");password = Console.ReadLine();if(userName == "admin" && password == "admin") {Console.WriteLine("登錄成功");break;//強(qiáng)制退出循環(huán)}else if (i < 2) {Console.WriteLine("用戶名或密碼錯(cuò)誤，登錄失敗");}else{Console.WriteLine("三次機(jī)會(huì)已用完，賬號已鎖定");}}}}
}

面向?qū)ο蠡A(chǔ)

如何在同一個(gè)項(xiàng)目下創(chuàng)建新的.cs文件

實(shí)操-類的定義與訪問

Employee.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Demo006_類的定義和訪問
{/*** 類名：Employee* 功能：模擬所有的職員對象* */public class Employee{//internal 去掉也不會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò) internal只能在這里訪問到 public是都可以訪問到//成員變量（字段）：特征//string employeeNo;//這是私有的privatepublic string employeeNo;public string name;public bool gender;public double salary;//構(gòu)造方法：在實(shí)例化對象時(shí)調(diào)用//構(gòu)造方法名稱必須與類名一致public Employee(){//默認(rèn)存在，但是調(diào)用了帶參構(gòu)造，在沒有定義無參構(gòu)造的時(shí)候，調(diào)用無參會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，建議帶上無參構(gòu)造//Console.WriteLine("正在實(shí)例化員工對象...");}/// <summary>/// 帶參數(shù)構(gòu)造方法/// </summary>/// <param name="employeeNo">員工號</param>/// <param name="name">姓名</param>/// <param name="gender">性別</param>/// <param name="salary">工資</param>public Employee(string employeeNo, string name, bool gender, double salary){//this關(guān)鍵字：正在實(shí)例化的對象this.employeeNo = employeeNo;this.name = name;this.gender = gender;this.salary = salary;}//方法：對象的行為能力public void ShowEmployeeMsg(){Console.WriteLine($"{this.employeeNo}\t{this.name}\t{(this.gender == true ? "男" : "女")}\t{this.salary}");}}
}

Program.cs

namespace Demo006_類的定義和訪問
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//實(shí)例化對象Employee emp01 = new Employee();//訪問變量：對象名.變量名emp01.employeeNo = "1234";emp01.name = "張三";emp01.gender = true;emp01.salary = 6589;Employee emp02 = new Employee();emp01.employeeNo = "1235";emp01.name = "王小二";emp01.gender = false;emp01.salary = 7800;Employee emp03 = new Employee("1236", "rose", false, 6500);//Console.WriteLine($"{emp01.employeeNo}\t{emp01.name}\t{(emp01.gender == true? "男":"女")}\t{emp01.salary}");//Console.WriteLine($"{emp02.employeeNo}\t{emp02.name}\t{(emp02.gender == true ? "男" : "女")}\t{emp02.salary}");//Console.WriteLine($"{emp03.employeeNo}\t{emp03.name}\t{(emp03.gender == true ? "男" : "女")}\t{emp03.salary}");//調(diào)用方法：對象名.方法名emp01.ShowEmployeeMsg();emp02.ShowEmployeeMsg();emp03.ShowEmployeeMsg();}}
}

實(shí)操-練習(xí)

使用OOP的思想模擬個(gè)人手機(jī)的信息，包含手機(jī)品牌，型號，價(jià)格和顏色
開機(jī)和關(guān)機(jī)的功能

Phone.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Demo007_練習(xí)
{/*** 類名：Phone* 功能：模擬手機(jī)對象* */public class Phone{public string brand;//品牌public string type;//型號public double price;//價(jià)格public string color;//顏色public Phone(){Console.WriteLine("正在實(shí)例化手機(jī)對象...");}public Phone(string brand, string type, double price, string color){this.brand = brand;this.type = type;this.price = price;this.color = color;}public void OpenPhone(){Console.WriteLine($"{this.brand}品牌{this.type}型號{this.price}元{this.color}的手機(jī)正在開機(jī)......");}public void ClosePhone(){Console.WriteLine($"{this.brand},{this.type},{this.price},{this.color}" + "關(guān)機(jī)了");}}}

實(shí)操-方法

Employee.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml.Serialization;namespace Demo006_類的定義和訪問
{/*** 類名：Employee* 功能：模擬所有的職員對象* */public class Employee //internal 去掉也不會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò) internal只能在這里訪問到 public是都可以訪問到{//成員變量（字段）：特征//string employeeNo;//這是私有的privatepublic string employeeNo;public string name;public bool gender;public double salary;//構(gòu)造方法：在實(shí)例化對象時(shí)調(diào)用//構(gòu)造方法名稱必須與類名一致public Employee() {//默認(rèn)存在，但是調(diào)用了帶參構(gòu)造，在沒有定義無參構(gòu)造的時(shí)候，調(diào)用無參會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)，建議帶上無參構(gòu)造Console.WriteLine("正在實(shí)例化員工對象...");}public Employee(string employeeNo, string name, bool gender, double salary){//this關(guān)鍵字：正在實(shí)例化的對象this.employeeNo = employeeNo;this.name = name;this.gender = gender;this.salary = salary;}//方法：對象的行為能力public void ShowEmployeeMsg(){Console.WriteLine($"{this.employeeNo}\t{this.name}\t{(this.gender == true ? "男" : "女")}\t{this.salary}");}//請假public void SendMsg(string type,DateTime beginDate,int days,string reason){Console.WriteLine($"{this.employeeNo}的員工申請{type}");Console.WriteLine($"開始日期：{beginDate}\n" +$"請假天數(shù)：{days}\n" +$"結(jié)束日期：{beginDate.AddDays(days)}\n" +$"請假事由：{reason}\n");}//年終獎(jiǎng)public double GetReward(string level){double reward;switch (level){case "A":reward = this.salary * 6;break;case "B":reward = this.salary * 3;break;case "C":reward = this.salary * 2;break;default:reward = this.salary;break;}return reward;//返回語句}}
}

Program.cs

using Demo006_類的定義和訪問;namespace Demo008_方法
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Employee employee1 = new Employee("1234","張三",true,5000);employee1.SendMsg("事假", Convert.ToDateTime("2023-11-10 09:00:00"), 2, "家里有事");Employee employee2 = new Employee("1235", "李四", true, 6000);employee2.SendMsg("婚假", DateTime.Now, 10, "回家結(jié)婚");Console.Write("請輸入考核等級：");string inputLevel = Console.ReadLine();double money = employee1.GetReward(inputLevel);Console.WriteLine($"年終獎(jiǎng)金是：{money}");}}
}

實(shí)操：計(jì)算器

Calculator.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Demo009_Calculator
{public class Calculator{public int GetResult(int a, int b, string type){int c = 0;if (type == "+"){c = a + b;}else if (type == "-"){c = a - b;}else if (type == "*"){c = a * b;}else if (type == "/"){if (b == 0){Console.WriteLine("除數(shù)為0無法計(jì)算");}else{c = a / b;}}return c;}}}

Program.cs

namespace Demo009_Calculator
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//使用OOP思想實(shí)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)數(shù)的加減乘除運(yùn)算。Calculator calculator = new Calculator();Console.Write("請輸入第一個(gè)數(shù)：");int a = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write("請輸入第二個(gè)數(shù)：");int b = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());Console.Write("請輸入運(yùn)算符（+/ - / * / /）：");string type = Console.ReadLine();//計(jì)算int c = calculator.GetResult(a, b, type);Console.WriteLine($"{a}{type}{b}={c}");}}
}

綜合實(shí)例

*以O(shè)OP的思想實(shí)現(xiàn)猜拳游戲：
*計(jì)算機(jī)和用戶實(shí)現(xiàn)猜拳，可以出剪刀、石頭和布。
*剪刀用0表示，石頭用1表示，布用2表示。
*程序啟動(dòng)，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)可以玩10局，用戶玩完一局之后可以按任意鍵繼續(xù)，按q退出，退出后需顯示實(shí)際玩了幾局，用戶贏了幾局，電腦贏了幾局，平了幾局，如果用戶贏的局?jǐn)?shù)大于電腦贏的局?jǐn)?shù)，顯示用戶大獲全勝；如果電腦贏的局?jǐn)?shù)大于用戶贏的局?jǐn)?shù)，顯示用戶敗給了電腦；如果贏的局?jǐn)?shù)相同，顯示打成了平手。*每一局游戲的游戲規(guī)則：
*先用戶出拳，輸入0 - 2為后顯示用戶出的拳是什么，如果用戶出的不是0 - 2，提示用戶輸入錯(cuò)誤，重新輸入，直到用戶輸入正確為止，
*再由電腦隨機(jī)出拳，電腦產(chǎn)生0 - 2之間的隨機(jī)數(shù)，也要顯示電腦出的拳是什么，然后判斷電腦和用戶的輸贏關(guān)系，并給出適當(dāng)?shù)奶崾?#xff0c;比如本局是用戶贏了，還是電腦贏了，還是平局

Player.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Channels;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Demo010_綜合案例
{ /// <summary>/// 玩家類/// </summary>public class Player{public string name;//玩家的昵稱/// <summary>/// 玩家出拳/// </summary>/// <returns></returns>public int Throw(){while (true){try{Console.WriteLine($"請{this.name}出拳");int point = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine());if (point >= 0 && point < 3){return point;}elseConsole.WriteLine("輸入有誤，請輸入0-2");}catch (Exception ex){Console.WriteLine ("輸入有誤，請輸入數(shù)字");}}}}
}

Computer.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Demo010_綜合案例
{public class Computer{public int CreateRandomNum(){Random r = new Random();return r.Next(3);}}
}

GuessGame.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace Demo010_綜合案例
{/// <summary>/// 猜拳游戲類/// </summary>public class GuessGame{Player player = new Player();Computer computer = new Computer();/// <summary>/// 輸入玩家的昵稱/// </summary>public void InputePlayName(){Console.Write("請輸入昵稱：");player.name = Console.ReadLine();}/// <summary>/// 歡迎界面/打印界面/// </summary>public void ShowMsg() {Console.WriteLine("*****************************");Console.WriteLine("******歡迎來到猜拳游戲*******");Console.WriteLine("*****************************");}/// <summary>/// 程序啟動(dòng)/// </summary>public void Start(){this.ShowMsg();InputePlayName();int p1 = player.Throw();int p2 = computer.CreateRandomNum();string quan1 = ConvertInToString(p1);string quan2 = ConvertInToString(p2);Console.WriteLine($"{player.name}出的拳是{quan1}");Console.WriteLine($"電腦出的拳是{quan2}");Judge(p1, p2);Console.WriteLine("是否繼續(xù)下一局，按任意鍵繼續(xù)，按q退出");string input = Console.ReadLine().ToLower();if(input == "q"){Console.WriteLine("游戲正在退出...");Console.ReadKey();//需要按一個(gè)鍵}Console.ReadKey();Console.Clear();}/// <summary>/// 數(shù)字的點(diǎn)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換為字符串的拳/// </summary>/// <param name="point">點(diǎn)數(shù)</param>/// <returns>拳</returns>public string ConvertInToString(int point){if(point == 0) {return "剪刀";}if (point == 1){return "石頭";}return "布";}/// <summary>/// 判斷輸贏/// </summary>/// <param name="playerPoint">玩家的點(diǎn)數(shù)</param>/// <param name="computerPoint">電腦的點(diǎn)數(shù)</param>public void Judge(int playerPoint, int computerPoint){//0（剪刀） 1（石頭） 2（布）//用戶贏：0(2)=-2,1(0)=1,2(1)=1int diff = playerPoint - computerPoint;if (diff == 0) {Console.WriteLine("平局");}else if (diff ==-2 || diff ==1) {Console.WriteLine($"用戶{player.name}贏了一局");}else{Console.WriteLine("電腦贏了一局");}}}
}

Program.cs

namespace Demo010_綜合案例
{internal class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//以O(shè)OP的思想實(shí)現(xiàn)猜拳游戲：//計(jì)算機(jī)和用戶實(shí)現(xiàn)猜拳，可以出剪刀、石頭和布。//剪刀用0表示，石頭用1表示，布用2表示。//程序啟動(dòng)，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)可以玩10局，用戶玩完一局之后可以按任意鍵繼續(xù)，按q退出，退出后需顯示實(shí)際玩了幾局，用戶贏了幾局，電腦贏了幾局，平了幾局，如果用戶贏的局?jǐn)?shù)大于電腦贏的局?jǐn)?shù)，顯示用戶大獲全勝；如果電腦贏的局?jǐn)?shù)大于用戶贏的局?jǐn)?shù)，顯示用戶敗給了電腦；如果贏的局?jǐn)?shù)相同，顯示打成了平手。//每一局游戲的游戲規(guī)則：//先用戶出拳，輸入0 - 2為后顯示用戶出的拳是什么，如果用戶出的不是0 - 2，提示用戶輸入錯(cuò)誤，重新輸入，直到用戶輸入正確為止，//再由電腦隨機(jī)出拳，電腦產(chǎn)生0 - 2之間的隨機(jī)數(shù)，也要顯示電腦出的拳是什么，然后判斷電腦和用戶的輸贏關(guān)系，并給出適當(dāng)?shù)奶崾?#xff0c;比如本局是用戶贏了，還是電腦贏了，還是平局GuessGame guessGame = new GuessGame();guessGame.Start();Player p = new Player(); p.name = "張三";}}
}